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Regulatory mechanisms of resveratrol (RSV), (–)-epicatechin (EPI), and betaine (BET) on cytochrome c oxidase (COX): ROS, reactive oxygen species; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; AMPK, AMP activated protein kinase; PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha; NRFs, nuclear respiratory factors; TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A.
