Table 5.

A comparison of the performances of electrochemical dopamine biosensors based on conducting polymers.

Active Layer	Linear Range	Detection Limit	Reference
Polypyrrole	1–1000 µM	7 nM	[122]
Poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid)	0.025–7.5 μM	2.5 nM	[123]
Poly(2-naphtol)	0.6–250 μM	95 nM	[130]
poly-4-amino-6-hydroxy–2-mercaptopyrimidine	2.5–25 μM	0.2 µM	[124]
Poly(eriochrome black T)	0.1–200 μM	20 nM	[127]
poly(safranine O)	0.3–10 µM	0.05 µM	[128]
poly(trypan blue)	1–40 µM	0.36 µM	[129]
poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene)–SO3-	5–100 µM	0.1 µM	[131]
PEDOT–ferrocene	0.01–0.9 mM	1 µM	[133]
PANI–Au NPs	20–100 µM	16 µM	[135]
PEDOT–sodium dodecyl sulfate	0.5–140 µM	0.39 nM	[134]
PANI–Au NPs	10–1700 µM	5 µM	[136]
PEDOT–Graphene oxide	0.1–175 µM	39 nM	[137]
PANI–Graphene–aptamer	0.007–90 nM	1.98 pM	[138]
Polypyrrole–Graphene	0.8–10 µM	4 nM	[139]
PEDOT–CNT	0.1–20 µM	20 nM	[140]
Polycystine–CNT	10–200 µM	2.8 µM	[141]
Poly(anilineboronic acid) –CNT	1–10 nM	0.0.16 nM	[142]
PEDOT–nanoceria-MWCNT	0.1–400 µM	0.03 µM	[143]
PEDOT:PSS (FET)	50 nM–3 µM	5 nM	[146]
PEDOT:PSS (FET)	5–100 µM	6 µM	[147]
Carboxylated polypyrrole–CNT–aptamer (FET)	0.1 nM–10 µM	100 pM	[149]
3-carboxylate polypyrrole–Pt NPs	0.1 pM–1 nM	0.1 pM	[150]
cysteamine and 4-formylphenyl boronic acid (FET)	1 pM–1 mM	1 pM	[151]