. 2021 May 28;10(6):866. doi: 10.3390/antiox10060866

Table 2.

Changes in the biomarkers of inflammation in plasma (P) and urine (U).

	Unit	Trial	Pre	Post	1h	2h	Trial	Time	Interaction
TNF-α-P	pg/mL	REH	ND	ND	ND	ND
TNF-α-P	pg/mL	CON	ND	ND	ND	ND
TNF-α-U	pg/mL	REH	ND			ND
TNF-α-U	pg/mL	CON	ND			ND
IL-2-P	pg/mL	REH	ND	ND	ND	ND
IL-2-P	pg/mL	CON	ND	ND	ND	ND
IL-2-U	pg/mL	REH	ND			ND
IL-2-U	pg/mL	CON	ND			ND
IL-4-P	pg/mL	REH	ND	ND	ND	ND
IL-4-P	pg/mL	CON	ND	ND	ND	ND
IL-4-U	pg/mL	REH	ND			ND
IL-4-U	pg/mL	CON	ND			ND
IL-10-P	pg/mL	REH	5.96 ± 1.00	5.61 ± 0.89	5.78 ± 0.64	4.64 ± 0.66	0.540	0.091	0.655
IL-10-P	pg/mL	CON	5.34 ± 0.73	5.74 ± 1.07	6.61 ± 0.91	5.61 ± 0.98	0.540	0.091	0.655
IL-10-U	pg/min	REH	9.85 ± 1.33			13.83 ± 1.19	0.006	0.214	0.707
IL-10-U	pg/min	CON	7.98 ± 2.18			7.84 ± 0.83	0.006	0.214	0.707
IL-18-P	pg/mL	REH	ND	ND	ND	ND
IL-18-P	pg/mL	CON	ND	ND	ND	ND
IL-18-U	pg/mL	REH	ND			ND
IL-18-U	pg/mL	CON	ND			ND
IL-18BPa-P	ng/mL	REH	79.53 ± 11.01	79.56 ± 11.55	66.39 ± 12.52	75.52 ± 11.94	0.904	0.146	0.683
IL-18BPa-P	ng/mL	CON	74.10 ± 10.17	81.61 ± 11.93	70.10 ± 9.19	72.63 ± 5.25	0.904	0.146	0.683
IL-18BPa-U	ng/min	REH	94.55 ± 21.41			133.49 ± 30.00	0.025	0.287	0.838
IL-18BPa-U	ng/min	CON	62.17 ± 24.42			52.75 ± 11.45	0.025	0.287	0.838
G-CSF-P	pg/mL	REH	14.17 ± 2.62	12.69 ± 2.30	14.41 ± 2.32	13.16 ± 2.23	0.789	0.292	0.246
G-CSF-P	pg/mL	CON	13.49 ± 2.53	12.32 ± 2.01	15.37 ± 2.15	13.36 ± 2.08	0.789	0.292	0.246
G-CSF-U	pg/mL	REH	ND			ND
G-CSF-U	pg/mL	CON	ND			ND
MPO-U	ng/mL	REH	ND			ND
MPO-U	ng/mL	CON	ND			ND

Values are presented as mean ± SE. IL, interleukin; IL-18BPa, IL-18 binding protein α; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; MPO, myeloperoxidase; ND, not detected; REH, rehydrate trial; CON, control trial.