Table 2.
Overview of in vitro studies demonstrating the sensitivity and efficacy of phages or phage-derived enzymes to ex vivo isolates from CRS patients.
| Authors (Year) | Isolates Sinonasal Swabs | Included CRS Patients | Phage | Phage Sensitivity | Efficacy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drilling A. et al. (2014) [16] | S. aureus | 66 | CT-SA, cocktail SA1, single phage |
94% 90% |
Biofilm mass reduction: 80% after CT-SA application |
| Drilling A. et al. (2016) [17] | S. aureus | NS | P128, bacteriophage derived muralytic enzyme | NS | Biofilm mass reduction: 95.5% |
| Fong S. et al. (2017) [6] | P. aeruginosa | 47 1 | Pa193, single phage Pa204, single phage Pa222, single phage Pa223, single phage CT-PA, cocktail |
73% 53% 73% 71% 85% |
Significant biofilm mass reduction after CT-PA, Pa222 and Pa223 |
| Drilling A. et al. (2017) [8] | S. aureus | 61 | P68, single phage K710, single phage NOV012, cocktail |
74% 59% 85% |
NS |
| Bachert C. et al. (2018) [5] | S. aureus | 9 2 | ISP, single phage | NS | Reduced IL-5 levels after 24 and 72 h, no significant changes compared to antibiotics |
| Zhang G. et al. (2018) [7] | S. aureus | 65 | Sa83, single phage Sa87, single phage |
69% 71% |
NS |
| Szaleniec J. et al. (2019) [18] | Different pathogen 3 |
50 | Sensitive phage from collection Biophage Pharma, NS | 80% | NS |
| Ooi M. et al. (2019) [10] | S. aureus | 15 | AB-SA01, cocktail | 80% | NS |
Abbreviations: NS = not specified. 1 CRS patients with or without cystic fibrosis. 2 Samples collected during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. 3 Different pathogen including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa and H. influenzae.