Fig. 3.

Forest Plot for perioperative complications. Individual study and pooled unadjusted risk ratios (RRs) of frail vs non-frail patients undergoing primarily CABG and valve surgery. The pooled RRs with 95% CI were calculated using random-effects models. Sensitivity Analyses – Removing the results of the study with largest weighting [14] made the pooled results for reoperation [90% weighting, RR1.57, 95%CI:0.90–2.71, p = 0.11, I² = 0%] and deep sternal wound infection [56% weighting, RR1.29, 95%CI:0.52–3.17, p = 0.58, I² = 0%] no longer statistically significant, but the results for prolonged ventilation [57% weighting, RR1.96, 95%CI:1.63–2.36, p < 0.00001, I² = 5%] and acute kidney injury [51% weighting, RR2.40, 95%CI:1.83–3.15, p < 0.00001, I² = 0%] remained statistically significantly higher