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RNA expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-4 in salivary gland homogenates. These inflammatory cytokines were measured by qRT-PCR. The data were normalized to GAPDH expression in each sample. Data are means ± SEMs (n = 5). The data presented are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 versus SS-water group.
