Table 2.
Selected studies addressing the antihypertensive effects of nitrate that have been included in this article (PICO format).
| Reference | Population | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [24] | 25 healthy, physically active adults (15 m and 10 w): - mean age 36 ± 10 years - BMI < 18.5 |
Consumption of a Japanese diet for 10 days (providing 18.8 mg/kg bw/day nitrate) |
The controls received a non-Japanese diet (providing ≤3.7 mg/kg bw/day nitrate) for the same period | Increased plasma and saliva nitrate and nitrite levels. Significant decrease in DBP (4.5 mmHg). |
| [25] | 30 healthy adults (15 m and 15 w) with a SBP > 120 mmHg |
Single intake of 500 g BJ (containing 15 mmol nitrate/L) | Single ingestion of 500 g PL (apple juice concentrate) |
Significant reduction of SBP (4–5 mmHg) in men 6 h. |
| [26] | 18 normotensive healthy adults (18 m) |
Single administration of 100, 250 or 500 g BJ diluted in mineral water (total weight of the mixture 500 g) |
The controls were administered the same dose (500 g) of mineral water | SBP and DBP significantly reduced (dose dependently) over a period of 24 h. |
| [26] | 14 normotensive healthy adults (14 m) |
Single ingestion of 200 g of bread enriched with red or white beetroot (50% of the total weight) |
The controls received 200 g of white bread | Significant DBP reduction over a period of 24 h. |
| [29] | 12 old healthy adults (6 m, 6 w) |
Prescription of 140 mL/d BJ (containing ≈ 9.6 mmol nitrate) during 2.5 days followed by a three-day washout period (this protocol was repeated during 6 weeks) |
The controls received PL (nitrate depleted BJ) under the same conditions | A significant reduction in resting SBP, DBP and VO2 was found. |
BJ: beetroot juice, BMI: body mass index, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, m: men, PL: placebo, SBP: systolic blood pressure, w: women.