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. 2021 Jun 8;13(6):851. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060851

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Percentage biofilm inhibition and (b) biofilm eradication by PRE, Zn (II) and PRE/Zn (II) in combination at MIC and half of MIC values (MIC/2) against M. luteus, using the in vitro crystal violet assay. All data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 3. Statistical significance indicated at ** p < 0.01, and **** p < 0.0001, compared to untreated growth controls and compared between treatment groups. Note: a significant effect of PRE, Zn (II), and the PRE/Zn (II) combination in reducing biomass compared to untreated growth control group in biofilm inhibition and biofilm eradication activities.