Table 7.
IgE and IgD in milk.
| Breastfeeding Phase and Time | Study | Year | Population Characteristics N, Location, Particular Characteristics (Age) |
Measure of Centrality and Spread |
Concentration and Distribution (mg/L) |
Analysis Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IgE | ||||||
| Colostrum | ||||||
| d0–d4 | [54] | 1982 | 15, California (16–41) | Range | 0.0012–0.014 | RIA |
| d2–d4 | [51] | 1996 | 39, Sweden, Atopic and non-atopic mothers | Mean | 0.0003 | PRIST |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 10, Spain, Healthy, Untreated milk | Median (IQR) | 0.67 (0.44–1.12) | Luminex |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 7, Spain, Healthy, Pasteurized milk | Median (IQR) | 1.17 (0.87–1.48) | Luminex |
| Mature milk | ||||||
| m3 | [53] | 2018 | 7, Alberta, Healthy | ~Mean | 0.0011 | ELISA |
| m3 | [53] | 2018 | 5, Alberta, Mothers with CD | ~Mean | 0.0011 | ELISA |
| m3 | [53] | 2018 | 11, Alberta, Mothers with UC | ~Mean | 0.0018 | ELISA |
| m6 | [53] | 2018 | 7, Alberta, Healthy | ~Mean | 0.001 | ELISA |
| m6 | [53] | 2018 | 6, Alberta, Mothers with CD | ~Mean | 0.0011 | ELISA |
| m6 | [53] | 2018 | 7, Alberta, Mothers with UC | ~Mean | 0.0012 | ELISA |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 3, Spain, Healthy, Untreated milk | Median (IQR) | 0.43 (0.21–0.85) | Luminex |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 7, Spain, Healthy, Pasteurized milk | Median (IQR) | 0.43 (0.20–0.81) | Luminex |
| IgD | ||||||
| Colostrum | ||||||
| d1–d5 | [55] | 1985 | 31, California | Mean | 0.358 | PDSP |
| d0–d4 | [54] | 1982 | 39, California (16–41) | Mean (range) | 0.413 (0.02–20) | RIA |
SD, standard deviation of the mean; SEM, standard error mean; IQR, interquartile range; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; N, Nephelometry; T, Turbidimetry; RI, Radial immunodiffusion; SRI, Single radial immunodiffusion; PRIST, paper disc radioimmunosorbent test; RIA, radioimmunoassay; PDSP, paper disc solid phase; CD, Crohn disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; g.a., gestational age. * Data are not specified.