Table 2.
Breastfeeding and infant sleep characteristics.
| Variable | Mean ± SD or Count (%), Missing |
|---|---|
| Breastfeeding | |
| Breastfeeding frequency (per 24 h) | 9.0 ± 2.8, 48 |
| Planned breastfeeding duration (months) | 16 ± 8.2, 0 |
| Timing of introduction of complementary foods (months) | 5.2 ± 0.8, 209 |
| Breastfeeding status | |
| Partial breastfeeding | 42 (18%) |
| Fully breastfeeding | 191 (82%) |
| Introduced complementary food | |
| No | 18 (7.7%) |
| Yes | 24 (10.3%) |
| Not applicable—fully breastfeeding | 191 (82.0%) |
| Introduced infant formula | |
| No | 23 (9.9%) |
| Yes | 19 (8.2%) |
| Not applicable—fully breastfeeding | 191 (82.0%) |
| Breastfeeding problems | |
| Sore nipples | 79 (33.9%), 0 |
| Nipple damage | 44 (18.9%), 0 |
| Attachment difficulties | 48 (20.6%), 0 |
| Nipple shield use | 40 (17.2%), 0 |
| Blocked ducts | 26 (11.2%), 0 |
| Mastitis | 26 (11.2%), 0 |
| Low milk supply | 20 (8.6%), 0 |
| Oversupply | 31 (13.3%), 0 |
| Infant Sleep | |
| Nighttime sleep duration (h) | 9.1 ± 1.7, 22 |
| Daytime sleep duration (h) | 5.1 ± 2.3, 22 |
| Night waking frequency | 2.6 ± 1.5, 23 |
| Time infant spent awake between feeds (min) | 31.7 ± 36.2, 22 |
| Time taken to settle infant to sleep (min) | 35 ± 28.8, 22 |
| Perception of infant’s sleep as a problem | |
| Not a problem at all | 120 (51.5%) |
| A small problem | 84 (36.1%) |
| A very serious problem | 7 (3.0%) |
| Missing | 22 (9.4%) |
SD: standard deviation.