Table 4.
Univariate model and multivariate models for exclusive breastfeeding, PSS score, MSH score, and category, and PASS score.
| Univariate Modelling # | Multivariate Modelling * | ||||||
| Response (Observations in Multivariate Model) | Variables | Coeff/OR | CI | P -Value | Coeff/OR | CI | P -Value |
|
Exclusive breastfeeding 211 |
Intercept | - | - | - | 5000 | 230, 11000 | <0.001 |
| Infant age (30 days) | 0.93 | 0.91, 0.96 | <0.001 | 0.31 | 0.18, 0.51 | <0.001 | |
| Breastfeeding problems (low milk supply) | 0.14 | 0.05, 0.37 | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.03, 0.27 | <0.001 | |
| Breastfeeding problems (sore nipples) | 2.5 | 1.1, 5.8 | 0.028 | ||||
| Day sleep duration | 1.2 | 1.0, 1.5 | 0.019 | ||||
| Sleep a problem | 0.081 | 0.042 | |||||
| A small problem | 20 | 17, 23 | 0.025 | 3.6 | 1.2, 11 | 0.019 | |
| A very serious problem | 4.7 | 0.53, 8.4 | 0.211 | 1.4 | 0.20, 10 | 0.724 | |
| Days pregnant during pandemic (30 days) | 1.4 | 1.1,1.7 | 0.007 | 0.47 | 0.27, 0.82 | 0.006 | |
|
PSS 4 208 |
Intercept | - | - | - | 30 | 0.69, 1300 | 0.071 |
| Maternal health (anxiety) | 2.1 | 1.1, 4.1 | 0.030 | ||||
| Infant age (30 days) | 1.2 | 1.0, 1.3 | 0.033 | 1.3 | 1.0, 1.6 | 0.030 | |
| Breastfeeding problems (low milk supply) | 6.0 | 1.3, 17.2 | 0.018 | 6.0 | 0.89, 36 | 0.042 | |
| GF6+ FAD 1 Score | 1.1 | 1.0, 1.3 | 0.003 | ||||
| Settle to sleep (per 30 min) | 1.4 | 1.0, 2.1 | 0.037 | ||||
| Frequency night waking | 1.3 | 1.0, 1.6 | 0.014 | ||||
| Night sleep duration | 0.86 | 0.71, 1.0 | 0.090 | 0.71 | 0.54, 0.94 | 0.015 | |
| MHC-SF 2 | 0.92 | 0.89, 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.93 | 0.89, 1.0 | 0.003 | |
| MHC-SF categories | 2.4 | 1.4, 4.3 | 0.001 | ||||
| PASS 3 | 1.1 | 1.1, 1.2 | <0.001 | 1.1 | 1.1, 1.2 | <0.001 | |
| Region | 0.034 | 0.029 | |||||
| Region (New Zealand) | 1.6 | 0.60, 4.5 | 0.325 | 1.3 | 0.31, 5.1 | 0.741 | |
| Region (NSW) | 1.9 | 0.71, 5.1 | 0.195 | 3.9 | 1.1, 14 | 0.033 | |
| Region (Rest of Australia) | 1.9 | 0.62, 5.1 | 0.243 | 2.5 | 0.56, 11 | 0.223 | |
| Region (Victoria) | 2.9 | 1.4, 6.0 | 0.003 | 3.7 | 1.4, 9.7 | 0.006 | |
| Intended breastfeedingduration | 1.0 | 1.0, 1.1 | 0.042 | ||||
| Days pregnant duringpandemic (30 days) | 0.85 | 0.72, 0.99 | 0.039 | ||||
|
MHC-SF 221 |
Intercept | 61 | 58, 65 | <0.001 | |||
| Maternal health (anxiety) | −5.6 | −8.6, −0.2 | <0.001 | ||||
| Maternal health (depression) | −4.7 | −9.5, −0.1 | 0.041 | ||||
| Infant age (30 days) | −0.82 | −1.5, −0.066 | 0.031 | ||||
| Breastfeeding problems(oversupply) | −4.4 | −8.5, −0.2 | 0.039 | ||||
| Health care professional | 4.2 | 1.3, 7.1 | 0.005 | 3.2 | 0.75, 5.6 | 0.010 | |
| Exercise outside | 0.69 | −0.01, 1.4 | 0.049 | ||||
| GF6+ FAD score | −1.3 | −1.7, −0.93 | <0.001 | −0.9 | −1.3, −0.6 | <0.001 | |
| PSS4 category | −8.4 | −11, −5.6 | <0.001 | −3.4 | −6.1, −0.60 | 0.016 | |
| PASS | −0.37 | −0.46, −0.29 | <0.001 | −0.22 | −0.31, −0.12 | <0.001 | |
| Days pregnant during pandemic (30 days) | 0.83 | 0.01, 1.64 | 0.043 | 0.78 | 0.10, 1.5 | 0.023 | |
|
MHC-SF Category 221 |
Intercept | - | - | - | 0.27 | 0.09, 0.9 | 0.025 |
| Maternal health (Anxiety) | 1.9 | 1.0, 3.6 | 0.040 | ||||
| Employed (maternity leave) | 0.42 | 0.21, 0.84 | 0.013 | 0.42 | 0.20, 0.89 | 0.021 | |
| Exercise outside | 0.84 | 0.74, 0.96 | 0.011 | ||||
| GF6+ FAD score | 1.2 | 1.1, 1.3 | <0.001 | 1.1 | 1.0, 1.3 | 0.008 | |
| Hardship | 2.0 | 1.0, 4.1 | 0.044 | ||||
| PSS category | 2.4 | 1.4, 4.3 | 0.001 | ||||
| PASS | 1.1 | 1.0, 1.1 | <0.001 | 1.1 | 1.0, 1.1 | <0.001 | |
|
PASS 208 |
Intercept | - | - | - | 49 | 34, 64 | <0.001 |
| Maternal age | −0.93 | −1.4, −0.46 | <0.001 | −0.54 | −0.90, −0.17 | 0.004 | |
| Maternal health (anxiety) | 14 | 10, 19 | <0.001 | 9.0 | 5.4, 12.5 | <0.001 | |
| Maternal health (depression) | 11 | 5.3, 18 | <0.001 | ||||
| Exercise outside | −1.0 | −2.0, −0.084 | 0.030 | ||||
| GF6+ FAD score | 1.2 | 0.70, 1.8 | <0.001 | ||||
| Hardship | 9 | 4.2, 14 | <0.001 | 3.8 | −0.033, 7.7 | 0.049 | |
| Health care professional | −5.9 | −10, −1.9 | 0.003 | ||||
| Settle to sleep (per 30 min) | 0.11 | 0.040, 0.18 | 0.018 | 0.065 | 0.014, 0.12 | 0.012 | |
| PSS category | 15 | 11, 18 | <0.001 | 8.2 | 4.8, 12 | <0.001 | |
| MHC-SF | −0.69 | −0.85, −0.53 | <0.001 | −0.41 | −0.56, −0.26 | <0.001 | |
| MHC-SF category | 9.2 | 5.4, 13 | <0.001 | ||||
| Days pregnant duringpandemic (30 days) | 0.0-1.2 | −2.4, -0.12 | 0.028 | ||||
# Includes univariate variables, which were retained for multivariate analysis (p-value <0.1); * Includes variables which were p-value <0.05 in the final multivariate model. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. 1 General functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device; 2 Mental Health Continuum—Short Form score; 3 Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale score; 4 Perceived Stress Scale score.