Figure 4.

Forest plot summarizing the effects of diet, exercise intervention, and combined treatment on changes in muscle strength in each follow-up duration. Each point estimate (square) in each time frame and during the overall duration presents the network combined effect (SMD) on the muscle strength relative to UC, with the 95% CI (horizontal line). The results plotted on the right-hand side indicate effects favoring the treatment approach. The blue–colored point denotes the highest rank of probability, reflecting that the treatment approach is the optimal intervention among all treatments in each time frame. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; AET, aerobic exercise training; DIA, diet instruction and advisement; MET, multicomponent exercise training; RET, resistance exercise training; RMMR, regular multimeal replacement; RUMR, regular unimeal replacement; Std, standard; UC, usual care.