Figure 5.

Forest plot summarizing the effects of diet, exercise intervention, and combined treatment on changes in walking speed in each follow-up duration. Each point estimate (square) in each time frame and during the overall duration presents the network combined effect (SMD) on the walking speed relative to UC, with the 95% CI (horizontal line). The results plotted on the right-hand side indicate effects favoring the treatment approach. The blue-colored point denotes the highest rank of probability, reflecting that the treatment approach is the optimal intervention among all treatments in each time frame. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; AET, aerobic exercise training; AQET, aquatic exercise training; DIA, diet instruction and advisement; IMET, isometric exercise training; MET, multicomponent exercise training; NMES, neuromuscular electric stimulation; RET, resistance exercise training; RMMR, regular multimeal replacement; RUMR, regular unimeal replacement; Std, standard; UC, usual care.