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. 2021 Jun 10;10(6):1458. doi: 10.3390/cells10061458

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Computational models. (A) Shear–stress distribution without COCs at the bottom of the bioreactor; (B) the bioreactor showing oxygen concentration and velocity field streamlines in normoxic (5% CO₂ in air) conditions; (C) a culture well showing oxygen concentration in static normoxic conditions; (D,E) oxygen profiles for alginate-COC beads placed at the center of the bioreactor and of the static well, respectively, in normoxic conditions; (F) the bioreactor showing oxygen concentration and velocity field streamlines in hypoxic (5% O₂, 5% CO₂, and 90% N₂) conditions; (G) a culture well showing oxygen concentration in static hypoxic conditions; and (H,I) oxygen profiles for alginate-COC beads placed at the center of the bioreactor and of the static well, respectively in hypoxic conditions.

Computational models. (A) Shear–stress distribution without COCs at the bottom of the bioreactor; (B) the bioreactor showing oxygen concentration and velocity field streamlines in normoxic (5% CO₂ in air) conditions; (C) a culture well showing oxygen concentration in static normoxic conditions; (D,E) oxygen profiles for alginate-COC beads placed at the center of the bioreactor and of the static well, respectively, in normoxic conditions; (F) the bioreactor showing oxygen concentration and velocity field streamlines in hypoxic (5% O₂, 5% CO₂, and 90% N₂) conditions; (G) a culture well showing oxygen concentration in static hypoxic conditions; and (H,I) oxygen profiles for alginate-COC beads placed at the center of the bioreactor and of the static well, respectively in hypoxic conditions.