Table 3.
Studies in plasma.
| Study ID | Study Outcome |
Study Design |
Subjects | Sample Preparation Method |
Analytical Techniques |
Data Processing Software |
Statistical Analysis Software |
Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ambrozewicz 2018 [18] |
Ps diagnosis PsA diagnosis |
Targeted | 8 Ps 8 PsA 8 HC |
LLE | LC-MS GC-MS |
N/A | Stata/IC MetaboAnalyst |
Ps and PsA had decreased levels of phospholipids and free polyunsaturated fatty acids. Increased lipid peroxidation products 4-hydroxynonenal, isoprostanes, and neuroprostanes as well as increased levels of endocannabinoids AEA and 2-AG in Ps and PsA. |
| Chen 2021 [19] |
Ps diagnosis Ps activity |
Untargeted | 45 Ps 45 HC |
PPt | LC-MS | Progenesis QI | metaX | Essential amino acids, and branched-chain amino acids increased in Ps. Glutamine, cysteine, and asparagine decreased in Ps. Palmitoylcarnitine (C16) decreased in Ps whereas hexanoylcarnitine (C6) and 3-OH-octadecenoylcarnitine (C18:1-OH) increased in Ps. Glutamine, asparagine, and C16 levels negatively correlated with PASI score in Ps. |
| Kamleh 2015 [32] |
Ps activity | Untargeted | 32 mild Ps 32 severe Ps 32 HC |
PPt | LC-MS | MSconvert XCMS |
R SIMCA-P |
Ps-associated perturbations found in three metabolic pathways: (1) arginine and proline, (2) glycine, serine and threonine, and (3) alanine, aspartate, and glutamate. Etanercept treatment shifted the metabolic phenotypes of severe Ps toward that of HC. Circulating metabolite levels pre- and post-Etanercept treatment correlated with PASI score. |
| Kishikawa 2020 [36] |
RA diagnosis SLE diagnosis PsA diagnosis |
Untargeted | 92 RA 13 SLE 43 PsA 181 HC |
PPt LLE SPE |
CE-MS LC-MS |
MasterHands | R | UTP, ethanolamine phosphate, ATP, GDP, ADP, 6-aminohexanoic acid and taurine increased in RA and xanthine decreased in RA compared to HC. No significant differences in these metabolites between PsA and HC. |
| Kishikawa 2021 [42] |
Ps diagnosis PsA diagnosis |
Untargeted | 43 PsA 50 Ps 38 HC |
PPt LLE |
CE-MS LC-MS |
MasterHands | R | Ethanolamine phosphate increased in Ps whereas nicotinic acid, and 20α-hydroxyprogesterone decreased, compared to HC. Aspartate was centered on the correlation network among the Ps-associated metabolites. Tyramine significantly increased in PsA than in PsC, whereas mucic acid decreased. Enrichment of vitamin digestion and absorption pathway in Ps compared to PsA. Subnetwork among metabolites formed from saturated fatty acids. |
| Li 2019 [20] |
Ps diagnosis | Untargeted | 12 Ps 12 HC |
PPt | LC-MS | MarkerLynx | SIMCA-P | Threonine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, palmitamide, linoleic amide, oleamide, stearamide, cis-11-eicosenamide, trans-13-docosenamide, uric acid, LysoPC (16:0), LysoPC (18:3), LysoPC (18:2), Lys-oPC (18:1) and LysoPC (18:0) higher in Ps. Oleic acid, arachidonic acid and N-linoleoyl taurine lower in Ps. |
| Zeng 2017 [21] |
Ps diagnosis | Untargeted | 45 Ps 45 HC |
PPt | LC-MS/MS | Progenesis QI metaX |
metaX | Higher lysophosphatidicacid, lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid in Ps. Lower phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine in Ps. |
Abbreviations: Ps, psoriasis; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematous; HC, healthy controls; SPE, solid-phase extraction; LLE, liquid-liquid extraction; PPt, protein precipitation; LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; CE-MS, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.