Table 5.
Studies in skin.
| Study ID | Study Outcome |
Study Design |
Subjects | Sample Preparation Method |
Analytical Techniques |
Data Processing Software |
Statistical Analysis Software |
Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutkiewicz 2016 [22] |
Ps diagnosis Ps activity |
Untargeted | 100 Ps 100 HC |
Hydrogel micropatch probes | nanoDESI MS | Custom C# software |
MetaboAnalyst OriginPro |
Choline and glutamic acid positively correlated with plaque severity scores whereas urocanic acid and citrulline negatively correlated. The amount of these metabolites in Ps skin were significantly different from HC skin. |
| Luczaj 2020 [23] |
Ps diagnosis | Untargeted | 6 Ps 6 HC |
SPE | LC-MS/MS | MZmine | MetaboAnalyst | Keratinocytes of Ps patients had higher levels of CER[NS], CER[NP], CER[AS], CER[ADS], CER[AP] and CER[EOS], whereas CER[NDS] was lower in Ps compared to HC. In fibroblasts, Ps patients had higher CER[AS], CER[ADS] and CER[EOS]. |
| Mathers 2018 [24] |
Ps diagnosis | Targeted | 6 lesional Ps skin 6 non-lesional Ps skin |
LLE | LC-MS/MS | N/A | N/A | 56% increase in nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA-NO2) levels in lesional skin compared to non-lesional skin, extracted from Ps patients. |
| Pohla 2020 [25] |
Ps diagnosis | Untargeted | 20 Ps 19 HC |
SLE | LC-MS | N/A | R | Amino acids, acylcarnitines, biogenic amines, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, histamine and ADMA increased in Ps lesional samples compared to HC. No significant differences between the metabolite profiles of Ps non-lesional samples and HC skin. |
| Sitter 2013 [26] |
Ps diagnosis | Untargeted | 10 Ps | N/A | NMR | PeakFit | SPSS | Lower myo-inositol and glucose, and higher choline and taurine in Ps lesion compared to uninvolved skin. Higher glucose, myo-inositol, GPC and glycine as well as lower choline in patients who improved after corticosteroid treatment versus those that did not improve. |
| Takeichi 2019 [27] |
Ps diagnosis | Targeted | 8 Ps/PsA 10 HC |
Cryogenic pulverization SLE |
LC-MS | N/A | SAS | Most hepoxilins and their related lipids were more abundant in Ps skin than in HC. Lipids produced in the lipoxygenase pathway were elevated in Ps, whereas lipids produced in the cyclooxygenase pathway were reduced in Ps. |
Abbreviations: Ps, psoriasis; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; HC, healthy controls; SPE, solid-phase extraction; LLE, liquid-liquid extraction; SLE, solid-liquid extraction; LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance.