Table 1.

A broad description of some common biopesticides, their types, sources, and target crops with the authors who published such reports.

Source	Type	Organism	Pest Type	Target Crop	Reference(s)
Bacteria	Insecticide	Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki B. thuringiensis var tenebrionis	caterpillars, fungi (Botrytis) Elm Leaf Beetle, Alfalfa weevil	vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, cereals Potato	Koul [44]; Bravo et al. [45] Saberi et al. [46]
	fungicide	Bacillus subtilis	Botrytis spp.	vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals	Koul [44]; Bravo et al. [45]
Fungi	insecticide	Beauveria bassiana	Whitefly	protected edible and ornamental plant production	McGuire and Northfield [47]
	fungicide	Coniothyrium minitans Trichoderma harzianum	Sclerotinia spp. S sclerotiorum.	outdoor edible and nonedible crops and protected crops Starwberry crops	Gams et al. [48] Dolatabadi et al. [49]
	herbicide	Chondrostereum purpureum	cut stumps of hardwood trees and shrubs	Forestry	Bailey [50]
	nematicide	Paecilomyces lilacinus	plant-parasitic nematodes in soil	vegetables, soft fruit, citrus, ornamentals, tobacco and turf	Moreno-Gavíra et al. [51]
Virus	insecticide	Cydia pomonella granulovirus	codling moth	apples and pears	Kadoić Balaško et al. [52]
Oomycetes	herbicide	Phytophthora palmivora	Morenia orderata	citrus crops	Lala et al. [53]
Neem (Azadirachta indica)	insecticide	Azadirachtin	aphids, scale, thrips, whitefly, leafhoppers, weevils	vegetables, fruits, herbs, and ornamental crops	Chaudhary et al. [54]
Plant extracts	fungicide	Reynoutria sachalinensis (giant knotweed) extract	powdery mildew, downy mildew, Botrytis, late blight, citrus canker	protected ornamental and edible crops	Marrone [55]
	herbicide	Plant essential oils	Ragwort, many arthropods	Grassland	Isman [56]
	nematicide	Quillaja saponaria	plant parasitic nematodes	vineyards, orchards, field crops, ornamentals and turf	Guerra and Sepúlveda [57]
Talaromyces flavus; Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea); Trichoderma harzianum; Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis; Lactobacillus casei fermentation products	biopesticides		Glomerella cingulata and Colletotrichum acutatum; Helicoverpa spp.; Fusarium oxysporum Agelastica alni; Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera, Aphis gossypii; Xanthomonas fragariae; Spodoptera littoralis and others	Strawberry, Cotton, Gladiolus hybrids, alder leaf, and hazelnut, other economically important plants and trees	Ishikawa [58]; Mensah et al. [59].; Kirk and Schafer [60] Eski et al. [61].; Dubois et al. [62]; Pavela et al. [63]; El-Abbassi et al. [64]
Semiochemical	attractant	Citronellol	tetranychid mites	apples, cucurbits, grapes, hops, nuts, pears, stone fruit, nursery, and ornamental crops	Mauchline et al. [65]; Mossa et al. [66]
	attractant	Multi-component sex pheromone, such as (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol	codling moth	Fruits, such as apples and pears	El-Sayed et al. [67]
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi	Mutual inhabitant in the roots	Fungi	Fusarium verticillioides; pathogens affecting below ground plant organs	Zea mays	Olowe et al. [68]; Bharadwaj and Sharma [69]; Mukerji and Ciancio, [70]
Microalgae	Filamentous cyanobacterium; Single-celled green algae	Nostoc piscinale; Chlamydopodium fusiforme; Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	Ranglova et al. [41]
		Anabaena laxa and Calothrix elenkinii	Increase in fungicidal activity	Coriander, cumin, and fennel	Kumar et al. [43]
Nanobiopesticide	Silver nanobiopesticide	None	Alternaria alternata, A. solani	Alternaria leaf blight and leaf spot diseases in tomato, pepper, and potato	Narware et al. [71]
	Sargassum muticum derived NPs	None	Ariadne merione, a Lepidopteran pest	-	Narware et al. [71]; Rodrigues et al. [72]
	Caulerpa scalpelliformis and Mesocyclops longisetus-derived NPs	None	Culex quinquefasciatus	-	Narware et al. [71]