Table 4.

List of natural products showing toxic, physiological, ovicidal, repellent and antifeedant effects against slugs.

Product Class	Product Names	Effect	Target Slug	Reported By
Essential Oils	Thyme, spearmint, pine, peppermint, garlic, rosemary, lemongrass and cinnamon oil	Toxic effect	D. reticulatum	[22]
	Sweet wormwood oil	Toxic and physiological effect	Agriolimax agrestis	[119]
	Neem oil	Ovicidal effect	D. reticulatum	[120]
	Birch tar oil	Repellent effect	A. lusitanicus	[114]
	Myrrhs oil (Commiphora molmol and Commiphora guidotti)	Repellent effect	D. reticulatum	[113]
	Carvone (natural compound present in caraway seed oils)	Antifeedant effect	A. lusitanicus	[121]
Plant Extracts	Geranium robertianum, Lepidium sativum, Origanum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, Salvia pratensis, Saponaha officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Trifolium repens and Valerianella locusta	Antifeedant effect	A. lusitanicus	[20]
	Invasive Plant species extract (Japanese knotweed, Bohemian knotweed, Canadian goldenrod, Giant goldenrod, Staghorn sumac, Tree of heaven False indigo)	Toxic, repellent and antifeedant effect	A. vulgaris, Arion rufus	[115]
	Saponin-rich plant extracts (Camellia oleifera, Gleditsia amorphoides and Quillaja saponaria)	Toxic and antifeedant effect	D.reticulatum	[122]
Microbes	Fungal extract	Antifeedant effect	A. vulgaris	[123]
	Verticillium chlamydosporium	Ovicidal effect	Not mentioned	[32]
	Arthrobotrys was found to be parasitising the eggs of the slug D. reticulatum	Ovicidal effect	D. reticulatum	[32]
Others	Caffeine	Toxic effect, repellent effect	D. reticulatum, Veronicella cubensis	[21,22]
	Hydrated lime	Toxic and repellent effect	Arion sp.	[124]
	Plant wood ash	Toxic, antifeedant and repellent effect	A. vulgaris	[115]
	Mucus of Kerry slugs	Repellent effect	L. marginata	[117]