Table 6.

Data-driven FDD application examples in mechanical subsystem (Bearings and Gearbox). Prat I.

Ref.	Faulty Event	Meas. Signal	Feat. Sel./Extr.	Algorithm	Data Source
[161]	Hole and scratch	$i_{\mathrm{abc}}$, $\omega$ and $v_{\mathrm{abc}}$	FFT	CNN, DT, RF, NB, SVM, kNN	Test-bench
[152]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	FFT	CNN	Test-bench
[162]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	Variational Mode Decomposition	DBN	Test-bench
[153]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	STFT	CNN	Test-bench
[163]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	Sparse Filtering	Softmax Regression	Test-bench
[151]	Generic faults	Vibration	t-domain, DA and CCA	MLP	Test-bench
[164]	Generic faults	Vibration	-	CNN	Real data
[165]	Generic faults	Thermal imaging	Wavelet	SVM	Test-bench
[166]	Generic faults	Leakage i	PCA	kNN	Test-bench
[149]	Generic faults	Vibration	Wavelet	SVM and ANN	Simu. and Test-bench
[167]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	t and f-domain	ANN, Rule-based Method, SVM and kNN	Test-bench
[157]	Ball	Temperature and vibration	-	SVR	Test-bench
[168]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	STFT	CNN and LSTM	Test-bench
[169]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	FFT	DNN	Test-bench
[170]	Ball, inner and outer race	Audio	t and f-domain	kMeans and kNN	Test-bench
[171]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	EEMD, t and f-domain	WNN	Simu.
[154]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	Wavelet and Autoencoder	ANN	Test-bench
[172]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	-	Autoencoder and Softmax	Test-bench
[125]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	Wavelet	CNN	Test-bench
[150]	Generic faults	$i_{\mathrm{abc}}$	Ambiguity plane	ANN	Test-bench
[173]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	t and f-domain	Ensembl. SVM	Test-bench
[155]	Generic faults	Acoustic	STFT	CNN	Test-bench
[174]	Ball, inner and outer race	Acoustic	Wavelet	CNN	Test-bench
[175]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	STFT	CNN	Test-bench
[158]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	Wavelet	SVR	Test-bench
[176]	Inner race and outer race	Vibration	Autoencoder	DBN	Test-bench
[156]	Ball, inner and outer race	Thermal imaging	Autoencoder	CNN	Test-bench
[177]	Inner race and outer race	Thermal imaging	Wavelet and PCA	SVM, LDA and kNN	Test-bench
[48]	Generic faults	-	t-domain	Gaussian Regression	Real data
[175]	Ball, inner and outer race	-	STFT	CNN	Test-bench
[178]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	t-domain	kNN	Test-bench
[179]	Tooth fracture and wear	$i_{\mathrm{abc}}$	f-domain	SVM	Test-bench
[160]	Tooth fracture and wear	Vibration	Wavelet	CNN, SVM and ANN	Test-bench
[180]	Tooth fracture, pitting and wear	Vibration and acoustic	t and f-domain	CNN	Test-bench
[181]	Inner and outer race	$i_{\mathrm{abc}}$	Genetic Alg.	kNN, DT and RF	Test-bench
[182]	Generic faults	$i_{\mathrm{abc}}$ and vibration	Autoencoder and LDA	ANN	Test-bench
[183]	Ball, inner and outer race	Vibration	FFT	Extreme Learning Machine	Test-bench