Table 1.
Effect of T. lutea F&M-M36 extract at 100 µg/mL and FX at 470 ng/mL on COX-2, iNOS, SOD2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, HO-1, Arg1, and NLRP3 mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
| Gene | CTRL | LPS | Celecoxib | T. lutea F&M-M36 Extract | FX |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COX-2 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.86 ± 0.03 ### | 0.37 ± 0.03 *** | 0.81 ± 0.01 ^ | 0.91 ± 0.01 |
| iNOS | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 1.25 ± 0.03 ### | 0.51 ± 0.02 *** | 1.10 ± 0.06 | 1.20 ± 0.00 |
| SOD2 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.64 ± 0.00 ### | 0.62 ± 0.01 | 0.44 ± 0.02 *** | 0.44 ± 0.01 *** |
| IL-1b | 0.36 ± 0.00 | 0.97 ± 0.02 ### | 0.31 ± 0.01 *** | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 0.92 ± 0.01 |
| TNF-a | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.76 ± 0.03 ### | 0.20 ± 0.02 *** | 0.69 ± 0.02 | 0.82 ± 0.01 |
| IL-10 | 0.62 ± 0.03 | 0.16 ± 0.00 ### | 0.71 ± 0.03 *** | 0.61 ± 0.06 *** | 0.62 ± 0.03 *** |
| IL-6 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.74 ± 0.03 ### | 0.06 ± 0.01 *** | 0.04 ± 0.00 *** | 0.07 ± 0.01 *** |
| HO-1 | 1.04 ± 0.00 | 0.25 ± 0.00 ### | 0.95 ± 0.03 *** | 0.38 ± 0.01 *** | 0.46 ± 0.03 *** |
| Arg1 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.71 ± 0.01 ### | 0.06 ± 0.00 *** | 0.61 ± 0.02 ***, ^^^ | 0.91 ± 0.02 *** |
| NLRP3 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.74 ± 0.02 ### | 0.23 ± 0.02 *** | 0.37 ± 0.03 ***, ^^^ | 0.71 ± 0.05 |
Data are expressed as means ± SEM of four replicates; for each target gene, the relative amount of mRNA was calculated as the ratio to RPLP-1 mRNA [19]; ### p < 0.001 vs. CTRL; *** p < 0.001 vs. LPS; ^ p < 0.05 and ^^^ p < 0.001 vs. FX by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.