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. 2021 Jun 11;14(6):558. doi: 10.3390/ph14060558

Figure 1.

Figure 1

LPS-induced febrile response and increase of circulating mediators. (A) Abdominal temperature [°C] was recorded for 24 h after injection of LPS (10 mg/kg, n = 5) or PBS (n = 4) by intra-abdominal radio transmitters. After initial hypothermia (1.25 h i.p.), LPS-injected rats responded with significantly enhanced body core temperature from 4.25 h to 12 h i.p. and from 22.25 h to 24 h compared to PBS-treated control animals. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA with the between-subject factor treatment and the within-subject factor time followed by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; graphs represent temperature measurements every 15 min, depicted as means ± SEM. * = p < 0.05, *** = p < 0.0001. (B–D) After 6 h and 24 h, concentrations of the circulating cytokines IL-6 (B) and TNFα (C) were detected by specific bioassays, while an ELISA was applied for HMGB1 measurements (D). Rats injected with LPS showed significantly increased plasma levels of IL-6 and TNFα at 6 h but not at 24 h after injection. HMGB1 concentrations were significantly elevated compared to PBS treated rats at both time points. 6 h/24 h PBS, n = 7; 6 h LPS, n = 4; 24 h LPS, n = 5; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparison tests; bars represent means ± SEM. * = p < 0.05, *** = p < 0.001.