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. 2021 Jun 11;14(6):558. doi: 10.3390/ph14060558

Figure 4.

Figure 4

HMGB1-induced release of IL-6 and TNFα into supernatants of neuroglial primary cultures of the rat area postrema (AP). Primary cell cultures of the rat AP were used to characterize HMGB1-induced release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (A–E) and TNFα (F–J). AP cells were stimulated with HMGB1 (1 µg/mL or 5 µg/mL) for up to 6 h. While IL-6 release was enhanced due to stimulation with HMGB1, TNFα release was not affected. Bars represent means ± SEM. Numbers of investigated cultures in independent experiments are shown in Table 1. * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01.