| x = SAP particle size |
| y = SAP content |
| Z = Compressive strength of concrete |
| Ec = Elastic modulus |
| p1 = Load at 0.5 MPa stress |
| p2 = The ultimate failure load of 40% |
| A’ = Area |
| L = The gauge length for measuring the deformation |
| ∆L = The deformation value of the specimen under P1 to P2 load |
| f = Splitting tensile strength |
| p’ = Load |
| β = Porosity |
| Sp = Porosity area |
| S0 = Cross-sectional area |
| De = Equivalent pore diameter, |
| S = Coefficient of average pore spacing. |
| F = The volume percentage of effective slurry |
| p = The volume percentage of cement paste |
| a = Specific surface area of pores |
| A = The pore volume percentage. |
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