Table 2.

Electrospinning parameters (solution, processing, and environment) and their effect on fiber morphology.

Parameters			Effect on Fiber Morphology
Solution parameters	Viscosity	Low	Discontinuation of filament formation, beads formation
		High	Increase in fiber diameter, disappearance of beads, spinning prevention
	Polymer concentration		Increase in fiber diameter with increase in concentration
	Molecular weight of polymer	Lower	Larger deposition area, smaller fibers, bead formation, appearance of droplets
		Higher	Smaller deposition area, larger fibers
	Conductivity		Decrease in fiber diameter with increase in conductivity
	Surface tension		No conclusive link with fiber morphology, high surface tension results in instability of jets
Processing parameters	Applied voltage		Decrease in fiber diameter with increase in voltage
	Distance between tip and collector		Generation of beads with too small and too large distance, optimal distance is required for uniform fibers
	Flow rate	Low	Decrease in fiber diameter
		High	Generation of beads with too-high flow rate
Ambient parameters	Humidity	Low	Broken filaments, nozzle clogging
		High	High humidity results in circular pores on the fibers
	Temperature	Low	High viscosity and larger fiber diameter, nozzle clogging
		High	Less viscosity and smaller fiber diameter, uniform formation of fibers