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Proposed mechanism of renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a patient with TAFRO syndrome. (A). Circulating autoantibodies or cytokines produced by specific (B) lymphocyte clones within lymphadenopathy interfere with VEGF diffusion flux or directly act on vascular endothelial cells causing damage, (B). Elevated serum VEGF breaks the concentration gradient of VEGF across the glomerular basement membrane, impeding the nursing effect of VEGF produced by podocytes.
