Table 3.
Biological activities of new diterpenes from genus Sinularia.
| Drug Class | Compounds | Pharmacology | Activities | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-inflammatory | sinularcasbane B (51) | inhibit NO production | IC50: 8.3 μM | [77] |
| sinularcasbane E (54) | inhibit NO production | IC50: 5.4 μM | [77] | |
| nanoculone B (86) | inhibit NO production | inhibition rate: 8%, 10 μM | [59] | |
| sinularolide F (104) | inhibit NO production | IC50 < 6.25 µg/mL | [36] | |
| humilisin F (139) | inhibit NO production | inhibition rate: 83.96%, 10 μM; 65.70%, 20 μM | [4] | |
| arbolide C (63) | inhibit release of elastase | IC50: 5.13 μg/mL | [69] | |
| sinulerectol C (96) | inhibit release of elastase | inhibition rate: 33%, 10 μM | [3] | |
| sinularbol B (57) | inhibit superoxide anion generation | inhibition rate 23.94%, 10 μg/mL | [75] | |
| flexibilin D (36) | iNOS and COX-2 inhibition | inhibition rate: 19.27% and 30.08%, 20 μM | [85] | |
| isosinulaflexiolide K (78) | iNOS and COX-2 inhibition | inhibition rate: 30.9% and 47.1%, 10 μM | [63] | |
| sinulacembranolide A (73) | iNOS inhibition | inhibition rate: 8.55%, 10 μM | [64] | |
| xidaosinularide A (118) | TNF-α inhibition | IC50: 38.9 μM | [27] | |
| sinueretone A (128) | TNF-α inhibition | inhibition rate: 21.9%, 20 μM | [7] | |
| sinuereperoxide A (129) | TNF-α inhibition | inhibition rate: 56.2%, 20 μM, IC50: 10.6 μM | [7] | |
| Cytotoxicity | leptoclalin A (49) | against T-47D and K-562 | IC50: 15.4 and 12.8 μg/mL | [79] |
| sinulariaoid A (59) | against HepG2, HepG2/ADM, MCF-7, and MCF-7/ADM | IC50: 15.35, 9.70, 18.41 and 16.95 μM | [72] | |
| sinulerectol C (96) | against K-562 | IC50: 9.2 μM | [3] | |
| pambanolides B–C (91 and 92) | against DU145 and A549 | IC50: 63–55 mM | [58] | |
| xishacorenes A−C (99–101) | promote the ConA-induced T lymphocytes proliferation | dose-dependency (10–40 μM) | [41] | |
| molestin E (102) | against HeLa and HCT-116 | IC50: 5.26 and 8.37 μM | [40] | |
| ent-sinuflexibilin D (103) | against S1T | IC50: 5.27 μg/mL | [37] | |
| sinularolide F (104) | against HL-60 | cell viability: <30%, 25.0 µg/mL | [36] | |
| Antimalarial | sinulariol Z5 (48) | against barnacle Ba. amphitrite | EC50: 4.57 μg/mL | [14] |
| against Bu. neritina | EC50: 13.48 μg/mL | [14] | ||
| multifloralin (144) | barnacle Balanus albicostatus | adhesive rate: 0%; lethal rate: 58.11%, at 25 ppm | [28] | |
| Antidiabetic | sinupol (111) | PTP1B inhibition | IC50: 63.9 µM | [34] |
| sinulacetate (112) | PTP1B inhibition | IC50: 51.8 µM | [34] | |
| sinulacrassin (141) | α-glucosidase inhibitor | IC50: 10.65 µM | [88] | |
| Antibacterial | prenyl-α-elemenone (97) | against S. aureus | MBC: 50 µg mL−1; MIC: 20 µg mL−1 | [53] |
| Antifungal | sinulaflexiolide P (117) | against H. milfordensis | MIC: 25 μg/mL | [29] |
| Anti-AD | 113 and 115 | inhibit Aβ42 aggregation | inhibition rate: 20.6% and 37.2%, respectively, 10 μM | [32] |
| Immunosuppression | xiguscabrate B (122) | inhibit Con A-induced T lymphocyte cells proliferation | IC50: 8.4 μM | [26] |
| xiguscabrol A (124) | inhibit Con A-induced T lymphocyte cells proliferation | IC50: 5.5 μM | [26] | |
| xiguscabrol B (125) | inhibit Con A-induced T lymphocyte cells proliferation | IC50: 3.9 μM | [26] | |
| 8-epi-xiguscabrol B (126) | inhibit Con A-induced T lymphocyte cells proliferation | IC50: 2.3 μM | [26] |