2017 |
PA6 |
Aramid/PA6 commingled yarns |
FW |
Hot gas torch |
320 |
10 |
190 N |
Preheating of yarns to 330 °C |
Void content, SBS strength, flexural modulus |
[36] |
2019 |
PA6 |
Carbon/PA6 prepreg tapes |
AFP |
NIR diode laser |
260 |
100 |
130 N |
|
Wedge peel strength |
[53] |
2019 |
PA6 |
Carbon/PA6 prepreg tapes |
FW |
Laser |
280 (hoop layer), 300 (axial layer) |
105 (hoop layer), 50 (axial layer) |
0.3 MPa |
|
Void content, compression modulus, implosion strength (for composite tube) |
[6] |
1993 |
PA12 |
Glass/PA12 powder impregnated fibers |
FW |
Hot gas torch |
360 |
25 |
157 N |
IR preheating of fibers at power 9.6 kW, mandrel temperature 100 °C |
Interlaminar shear, fracture toughness (from DCB tests) |
[47] |
2016 |
PP |
E-glass/PP commingled yarns |
FW |
Ultrasonic welding |
223 |
52.5 |
85 N (applied at sonotrode) |
Compaction roller located 45 mm from the sonotrode |
Void content, shear modulus |
[35] |
2017 |
PP |
E-glass/PP prepreg tapes |
AFP |
Ultrasonic welding |
260 |
1 |
0.15 MPa (applied at compaction roller) |
Ultrasonic amplitude 3 µm, frequency 40 kHz |
SBS strength, fracture toughness (from DCB tests), impact toughness |
[56] |
2011 |
PP |
Glass/PP commingled fibers |
FW |
Hot gas torch |
125 |
42 |
54 N |
Preheating of fibers to 195 °C |
Flexural modulus and strength, Charpy impact toughness |
[116] |
2013 |
PPS |
Carbon/PPS prepreg tapes |
AFP |
Laser |
480 |
125 |
450 N |
Laser power 1700 W |
Fracture toughness (using mandrel peel test) |
[41] |
1995 |
PEI |
Carbon/PEI powder impregnated fibers |
FW |
IR spot heater |
960 |
80 |
Nil |
Fiber tension 5 N per 1000 filaments, mandrel temperature 150 °C |
Void content |
[49] |
1996 |
PEEK |
AS4 carbon/PEEK prepreg tapes |
FW |
CO2 laser |
475 |
15 |
13.8 MPa |
Laser power 50 W |
SBS strength, fracture toughness (from DCB tests), wedge peel force |
[42] |
2015 |
PEEK |
AS4 carbon/PEEK prepreg tapes |
AFP |
NIR diode laser |
500 |
100 |
500 N |
Laser power 920 W |
SBS strength |
[52] |
2019 |
PEEK |
Carbon/PEEK prepreg tapes |
AFP |
NIR diode laser |
485 |
100 |
0.34 MPa (for 1st ply), 0.46 MPa (for plies 2–7) |
Laser power up to 4 kW |
Lap shear strength |
[117] |