Table 1.
List of the main autochthonous/allochthonous fungi, bacteria, and the related genera/species employable in marine sediment bioremediation processes of heavy metals (HMs).
| Organisms | Genera/Species | HMs | Technologies | Autochthonous/ Allochthonous |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | Desulfovibrio spp. | Fe, U | Biostimulation | Autochthonous | [63] |
| Bacillus spp. | Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn | Bioaccumlation | [64] | ||
| Micrococcus spp. | |||||
| Kocuria spp. | |||||
| Sporosarcina saromensis | Cr (VI) | Biodegradation | [65] | ||
| Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) | - | Fe, Cd, Cu, Pb | Biostimulant Ball (BSB) | [66] | |
| Bacteria—Phycisphaeraceae | - | Cr, As | Biostimulation and biomobilisation | [21] | |
| Bacteria—Planctomycetaceae, | - | ||||
| Bacteria—Phyllobacteriaceae | - | ||||
| Bacteria—Desulfobacteraceae | - | Cd | Stabilisation | ||
| Bacteria—Oceanospirillaceae | - | Pb | |||
| Bacteria—Sinobacteraceae | - | ||||
| Bacteria—Flavobacteriaceae | - | ||||
|
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, Acidiphilium cryptum |
Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ni, As, Pb, Cr | Bioaugmentation of consortia | Allochthonous | [1] | |
| Bacteria |
Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Brevibacterium iodinium |
Hg | Volatilisation | Autochthonous | [40] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Cd | Detoxification | |||
| Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus iodinium, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa | Pb | Detoxification | |||
| Acidithiobacillus spp. | Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb | Bioleaching | [52] | ||
| Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans | Zn, Cd | Biomobilisation and re-suspension | [54] | ||
| Acidithiobacillus spp. | Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn | Bioleaching | [11] | ||
| - | Ni | Biosorption | [67] | ||
|
Halomonas sp., Alcanivorax sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Epibacterium sp., Virgibacillus sp. |
As, Pb, Cd | Immobilisation by consortia | [55] | ||
| Fungi | Aspergillus sp. | Pb, As | Bioleaching | ||
| Trichoderma viride | Cr (VI), Cu | Bioaccumulation and biosorption | Autochthonous | [56] | |
| Aspergillus niger | Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn | Biomobilisation | Allochthonous | [68] | |
| Penicillium expansum, Paecilomyces formosus | Cu, Zn | Bioaccumulation by fungal-membrane consortia | Autochthonous | [10] | |
| Penicillium brevicompactum, Mucor racemosus | Cr, Ni, Mn | [57] | |||
| Cunninghamella elegans, Penicillium citrinum | Cd, Cr, Zn, Sb | ||||
| Fusarium oxysporum, Cladosporium cladosporioides | As, Cd | ||||
| Paradendryphiella salina | Hg | Bioabsorption | [58] | ||
| Aspergillus spp. (A. flavus, A. niger, A. candidus) | As | Bioaccumulation | Allochthonous | [59,60] | |
| Yarrowia lipolytica | Cr (VI) | Bioaccumulation | [61,62] |