Cytoarchitecture and cellular components of the human olfactory mucosa. Lamina propria components. Olfactory Ensheathing Cells, Bowman’s gland and Olfactory Ectomesenchymal Stem Cells (OE-MSCs). The image indicates the OE-MSCs markers: CD29, CD90, CD44, Nestin, and Vimentin. Olfactory epithelium components. Basal Cells, Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) or Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), Sustentacular cells, and Microvillar cells. The figure shows basal cell markers: K5 (Keratin 5), K17 (Keratin 17), p63, Sox-2 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2), Nestin, BrdU (Bromodeoxyuridine), and Ki-67; ORNs markers: GAP-43 (Growth Associated Protein 43), β-tubulin, OMP (Olfactory Marker Protein), GNG8 (Guanine Nucleotide-binding protein subunit Gamma), and GNG13 (Guanine Nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit Gamma-13)); sustentacular cell markers (SUS-1, Cbr2 (Carbonyl Reductase 2) and Cyp2g1 (Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily G, polypeptide 1)) and, microvillar cell marker: (spot-35 proteins). Created with BioRender.com.