Table 1.
Cytokines used and approved as therapeutic agents in human medicine.
| Cytokines | Disease’s Target | References |
|---|---|---|
| IFN-α | Hepatitis B; hepatitis C | [35,36] |
| IFN-β | Multiple sclerosis | [37] |
| IFN-γ | Chronic granulomatous disease; Crohn’s disease | [38,39] |
| TNF-α | Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis; Crohn’s disease; ankylosing spondylitis; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; sepsis; juvenile idiopathic arthritis; asthma | [40,41,42,43] |
| G-CSF | Febrile neutropenia; bone marrow transplantation | [44] |
| GM-CSF | Neutropenia after chemotherapy | [45] |
| IL-1 | Rheumatoid arthritis; juvenile idiopathic arthritis; Still’s disease; Crohn’s disease | [42,46] |
| IL-2 | Metastatic renal cell carcinoma; renal transplantation | [47,48,49] |
| IL-4 | Asthma | [50] |
| IL-5 | Asthma | [51] |
| IL-6 | Rheumatoid arthritis | [52,53] |
| IL-8 | Melanoma | [54] |
| IL-10 | Crohn’s disease; rheumatoid arthritis; psoriasis; ulcerative colitis; multiple sclerosis | [55] |
| IL-11 | Thrombocytopenia; ulcerative colitis; psoriasis; rheumatoid arthritis; Crohn’s disease | [56] |
| EPO | Anemia | [57] |
IFN = interferon; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-alpha; G-CSF = granulocyte colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; IL = interleukin; EPO = erythropoietin.