Table 5:
Mental health SF-12 scores, multinomial treatment results
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group-based income trajectory (ref = Highest) | ||||||||
| 1. Lowest to very low | −8.12 | *** | −7.78 | *** | −6.40 | *** | −5.20 | ** |
| 2. Very low to low | −2.43 | ** | −2.02 | * | −1.31 | −.61 | ||
| 3. Lowest to middle | −.95 | −.69 | .01 | .29 | ||||
| 4. Low to very low early | −4.93 | ** | −4.37 | ** | −2.94 | * | −2.19 | |
| 5. Low to very low late | −4.33 | *** | −3.75 | *** | −2.33 | ** | −1.52 | |
| 6. Low | −1.58 | ** | −1.21 | * | −.20 | .18 | ||
| 7. Middle | .53 | .73 | 1.14 | * | 1.23 | * | ||
| Early life characteristics/ Demographics | ||||||||
| -Black (ref = non-Black, non-Latino) | 1.11 | ** | 1.25 | ** | 1.16 | ** | 1.24 | *** |
| -Latino (ref = non-Black, non-Latino) | .89 | * | .93 | * | .83 | * | .77 | * |
| Non-US native | −.81 | −.89 | −1.05 | −1.09 | * | |||
| AFQT-R | .01 | .00 | .00 | .00 | ||||
| Years of education (centered at 12) | −.06 | −.07 | * | −.09 | ** | −.10 | ** | |
| Health limits work | −2.40 | ** | −2.33 | ** | −1.90 | * | −2.36 | ** |
| Mother not HS grad | −.12 | −.13 | .13 | .22 | ||||
| Below poverty line | −.73 | −.76 | −.66 | −.48 | ||||
| Did not live with both parents | −.01 | .08 | .04 | .01 | ||||
| Family and household mechanisms, age 50 | ||||||||
| -Married (ref = never-married) | .48 | .35 | .22 | |||||
| -Divorced (ref = never-married) | −.92 | −.69 | −.84 | |||||
| -Widowed (ref = never-married) | −1.76 | * | −1.40 | −1.41 | ||||
| Household size | .10 | .08 | .05 | |||||
| Wealth (net worth), logged | .34 | −.09 | −.18 | |||||
| Health behavior and health status mechanisms, age 50 | ||||||||
| Body Mass Index (centered at 25) | −.05 | −.05 | ||||||
| R is a smoker | −.86 | * | −.78 | * | ||||
| Binge drank <1x/week in last month (ref = none in last month) | −.48 | −.56 | ||||||
| Binge drank ≥1x/week in last month (ref = none in last month) | −.36 | −.19 | ||||||
| Sleep hours on weekdays (centered at 7) | 1.00 | *** | .99 | *** | ||||
| Unable to/never engages in physical activity for >10 min | −1.22 | *** | −1.24 | *** | ||||
| Lacks health insurance | −.25 | −.17 | ||||||
| Physical health SF-12 score | .15 | .12 | *** | .11 | *** | |||
| Job benefits and strains mechanisms, age 50 | ||||||||
| Experienced unemployment, ages 25–49 | −.23 | |||||||
| Experiences unemployment X Total weeks unemployed, ages 25–49 (standardized) | −.37 | |||||||
| Average hours employed per week, ages 25–49 (centered at 40) | .04 | * | ||||||
| Employer provides access to retirement plan | .04 | |||||||
| Likes current/most recent job fairly well (ref = likes very much) | −1.14 | *** | ||||||
| Dislikes somewhat (ref = likes very much) | −4.45 | *** | ||||||
| Dislikes very much (ref = likes very much) | −4.62 | *** | ||||||
| Constant | 54.43 | *** | 48.88 | *** | 49.84 | *** | 52.39 | *** |
| ln(∂) | 2.05 | *** | 2.04 | *** | 2.00 | *** | 1.99 | *** |
| Λ(Lowest to very low) | .01 | .02 | .04 | .11 | ||||
| Λ(Very low to low) | .38 | .38 | .33 | .34 | ||||
| Λ(Lowest to middle) | −.68 | −.75 | −.82 | −.60 | ||||
| Λ(Low to Very low early) | −.81 | −.84 | −.79 | −.53 | ||||
| Λ(Low to Very low late) | −.05 | −.09 | −.16 | −.25 | ||||
| Λ(Low) | .19 | .23 | −.03 | .02 | ||||
| Λ(Middle) | −1.06 | −1.09 | −1.20 | * | −.96 | |||
| ∂ | 7.77 | 7.72 | 7.38 | 7.33 | ||||
Note: First stage (selection) regression results not shown. Reference group is steady highest income.
*
p<.05,
**
p<.01,
***
p<.001, two tailed hypothesis tests.