Table 2.
Psychopathological and sleep scales, and PSG parameters
| Psychopathological and Sleep Scales |
Controls (N = 64) Mean±SD |
PTSD Baseline (N = 74) Mean±SD |
PTSD One-year (N = 35) Mean±SD |
p1 | p1a | p2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BDI | 3.90 ± 3.95 | 27.89 ± 13.70 | 15.05 ± 12.50 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| BAI | 3.60 ± 3.65 | 29.55 ± 11.66 | 21.60 ± 19.90 | <0.001 | 0.038 | |
| MFIS | 16.40 ± 12.85 | 54.50 ± 14.36 | 32.30 ± 22.45 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| ISI | 3.70 ± 3.70 | 16.70 ± 6.05 | 11.40 ± 8.80 | <0.001 | 0.005 | |
| ESS | 7.25 ± 4.55 | 7.62 ± 5.12 | 7.52 ± 5.90 | 0.84 | 0.92 | |
| PSQI | 3.02 ± 1.90 | 10.40 ± 3.50 | 7.97 ± 5.20 | <0.001 | 0.006 | |
| PSQI-A | 7.82 ± 4.20 | 5.05 ± 5.45 | 0.008 | |||
| CAPS-5 |
|
42.94 ± 8.90 |
23.88 ± 18.45 |
|
|
<0.001 |
| PSG Parameters |
Controls (N = 63) Mean±SD |
PTSD Baseline (N = 64) Mean±SD |
PTSD One-year (N = 33) Mean±SD |
p1 |
p1a |
p2 |
| TST min | 361.30 ± 51.90 | 341.40 ± 60.0 | 336.00 ± 105.70 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.79 |
| SOL min | 36.15 ± 43.90 | 47.10 ± 46.50 | 65.55 ± 96.70 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.28 |
| SE % | 84.20 ± 11.30 | 80.70 ± 13.00 | 80.40 ± 15.30 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.93 |
| N1% | 6.40 ± 4.60 | 6.30 ± 3.30 | 8.20 ± 6.00 | 0.86 | 0.96 | 0.06 |
| N2% | 49.60 ± 9.20 | 50.60 ± 8.40 | 53.10 ± 8.44 | 0.51 | 0.24 | 0.10 |
| N3% | 23.70 ± 7.00 | 24.10 ± 7.00 | 21.50 ± 9.20 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.19 |
| REM % | 20.80 ± 8.30 | 18.80 ± 7.00 | 18.30 ± 6.15 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.73 |
| WASO min | 34.40 ± 29.50 | 36.90 ± 38.72 | 36.52 ± 30.00 | 0.69 | 0.91 | 0.95 |
| RDI | 4.20 ± 5.00 | 4.50 ± 5.30 | 4.70 ± 6.14 | 0.73 | 0.16 | 0.82 |
| Min SaO2 | 90.10 ± 3.45 | 90.40 ± 3.76 | 89.20 ± 4.13 | 0.58 | 0.74 | 0.13 |
| Arousal Index | 12.60 ± 6.55 | 10.40 ± 4.00 | 12.60 ± 8.15 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.11 |
| AIH | 3.80 ± 5.10 | 4.40 ± 5.20 | 4.50 ± 6.10 | 0.57 | 0.12 | 0.88 |
| REM Latency min | 110.40 ± 54.50 | 126.30 ± 74.80 | 128.20 ± 78.80 | 0.17 | 0.65 | 0.89 |
GEE test, p < 0.05.
BDI = Beck Depression Inventory, BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory, MFIS = Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, ISI = Insomnia Severity Index, ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI-A = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index addendum for PTSD, CAPS-5 = Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5, TST = Total Sleep Time, SOL = Sleep Onset Latency, SE = Sleep Efficiency, WASO = Wake After Sleep Onset, RDI = Respiratory Disturbance Index, Arousal Index = Number of arousals/hour, AHI = Apnoea-hypopnoea Index.
p1 = p-value between the control group and PTSD group, p2 = p-value between PSTD baseline and PTSD after 1-year follow up.
p1a = p-value adjusted for time elapsed between trauma event and PSG baseline measurement.