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. 2021 Jun 22;43(1):980–992. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2021.1937219

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© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — The boxplots showing the comparison of the relative expression level of four important differential metabolites of tryptophan metabolism and other four selected metabolites between DGs and HCs. (A) L-Tryptophan. (B) Serotonin. (C) Indole-3-acetamide. (D) 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid. (E) Glycerophopshocholine. (F) 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3-OHPPA). (G) 2-Isopropylmalic acid. (H) 1-methyluric acid. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. HCs. M: metabolism; HD: human diseases; OS: organismal system.