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. 2021 Jun 22;43(1):968–979. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2021.1936040

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Effects of ATF4 knockdown and HO-1 overexpression on podocyte autophagy and apoptosis when subjected to serum from DN mice. (A) HO-1 overexpression was verified in MCP-5 podocytes. (B) Podocytes overexpressing HO-1 were subjected to serum from DN mice, showed significantly reduced cleaved caspase 3 expression, and co-treatment of HO-1 overexpression with ATF4 siRNA increased cleaved caspase-3 expression. (C) Densitometric analysis of protein expression from Figure 5(B). (D) Immunofluorescence analysis showed increase in autophagy LC3 protein expression by HO-1 overexpression, which was significantly reduced by ATF4 siRNA co-treatment; the scale indicates 10 μm. (E) Quantification of apoptosis rates by flow cytometry supported our western analysis of cleaved caspase-3. (F) Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. NC siRNA: control siRNA transfected for 48 h; ATF4 siRNA: siRNA-ATF4 transfected for 48 h. Vector: Empty plasmid transfected for 48 h. HO-1 OE: HO-1 overexpression plasmid transfected for 48 h. (**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05).