Table 3.
Decomposition of current tobacco consumption for overall populations, per country
| China | Ghana | India | Mexico | Russia | South Africa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depressed mood | Beta | 0.0404*** | 0.02 | -0.01 | -0.0491* | -0.0225 | 0.0580*** |
| Contribution | 0.00 | -0.000705*** | 0.00143*** | 0.00 | 0.00121*** | -0.00395** | |
| Contribution % | 0.30 | 0.61 | -0.77 | 0.53 | 2.06 | 7.09 | |
| Had a drink in the last 30 days | Beta | 0.158*** | 0.0985*** | 0.319*** | 0.0958*** | 0.125*** | 0.367*** |
| Contribution | 0.00 | -0.0118*** | -0.00431*** | 0.01 | 0.0276*** | -0.01 | |
| Contribution % | -1.10 | 10.16 | 2.30 | 8.15 | 46.87 | 13.29 | |
| Wealth quintile 1 (vs quintile 5) | Beta | 0.0445*** | 0.107*** | 0.133*** | -0.104*** | 0.0534*** | 0.03 |
| Contribution | -0.0152*** | -0.0465*** | -0.0573*** | 0.0130*** | -0.0186*** | -0.0153*** | |
| Contribution % | 24.67 | 40.04 | 30.63 | 11.66 | -31.55 | 27.37 | |
| Wealth quintile 2 (vs quintile 5) | Beta | 0.0597*** | 0.0611*** | 0.105*** | -0.101*** | 0.00135 | 0.00 |
| Contribution | -0.0149*** | -0.0156*** | -0.0281*** | 0.0505*** | -0.000395*** | -0.00112*** | |
| Contribution % | 24.13 | 13.45 | 15.02 | 45.26 | -0.67 | 2.00 | |
| Wealth quintile 3 (vs quintile 5) | Beta | 0.0246** | 0.0476*** | 0.0705*** | -0.122*** | -0.0180 | 0.0416* |
| Contribution | -0.00203*** | -0.00165*** | -0.00235*** | 0.01 | 0.00104*** | 0.00 | |
| Contribution % | 3.29 | 1.42 | 1.26 | 9.30 | 1.76 | 0.88 | |
| Wealth quintile 4 (vs quintile 5) | Beta | 0.0228** | 0.0294* | 0.0357** | -0.0698*** | -0.0217 | 0.02 |
| Contribution | 0.00600*** | 0.00731*** | 0.00717*** | -0.00787** | -0.00446*** | 0.00436*** | |
| Contribution % | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.30 | |
| Less than primary school (vs no formal education) | Beta | -0.0189* | -0.0254* | -0.0330* | 0.102 | 0.0537*** | |
| Contribution | 0.00122*** | 0.000236* | 0.00 | -6.51e-05** | -0.00617*** | ||
| Contribution % | -1.97 | -0.20 | 0.04 | -0.11 | 11.06 | ||
| Primary school completed (vs no formal education) | Beta | -0.0533*** | -0.0604*** | -0.0436** | -0.01 | 0.181 | 0.01 |
| Contribution | 0.00 | -0.00123*** | -0.00132*** | 0.00 | -0.00193*** | 0.00 | |
| Contribution % | 0.54 | 1.06 | 0.70 | -0.25 | -3.28 | 0.09 | |
| Secondary school completed (vs no formal education) | Beta | -0.0277** | -0.02 | -0.0908*** | -0.03 | 0.0956 | 0.02 |
| Contribution | -0.00251*** | -0.000359*** | -0.00338*** | -0.00240* | -0.00904*** | 0.00137*** | |
| Contribution % | 4.05 | 0.31 | 1.80 | -2.15 | -15.38 | -2.45 | |
| High school (or equivalent) completed (vs no formal education) | Beta | -0.0733*** | -0.0536*** | -0.109*** | 0.138*** | 0.0443 | -0.0619** |
| Contribution | -0.00583*** | -0.00631*** | -0.00462*** | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00396*** | |
| Contribution % | 9.44 | 5.44 | 2.47 | 0.50 | 5.55 | 7.10 | |
| College/university completed (vs no formal education) | Beta | -0.152*** | -0.118*** | -0.258*** | -0.125*** | -0.0450 | 0.01 |
| Contribution | -0.00258*** | -0.00174*** | -0.00652*** | -0.00802** | -0.00499*** | 0.000285*** | |
| Contribution % | 4.18 | 1.50 | 3.48 | -7.19 | -8.48 | -0.51 | |
| Rural (vs urban) locality | Beta | 0.0340*** | 0.0239** | 0.0672*** | -0.173*** | 0.00218 | 0.00 |
| Contribution | -0.0288*** | -0.0253*** | -0.0450*** | 0.0233* | 0.00 | -0.00203*** | |
| Contribution % | 46.54 | 21.76 | 24.03 | 20.88 | 0.40 | 3.63 | |
| Female (vs male) | Beta | -0.388*** | -0.107*** | -0.358*** | -0.182*** | -0.270*** | -0.02 |
| Contribution | 0.0294*** | 0.0252*** | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.108*** | 0.00303* | |
| Contribution % | -47.56 | -21.73 | -12.06 | 13.85 | 183.23 | -5.42 | |
| Married (vs non-married) | Beta | -0.0532*** | -0.01 | -0.0534*** | -0.106*** | -0.0372*** | 0.00 |
| Contribution | -0.0256*** | -0.00300*** | -0.0168*** | -0.0767*** | -0.0246*** | -0.00200*** | |
| Contribution % | 41.51 | 2.59 | 8.97 | -68.72 | -41.90 | 3.59 | |
| Age (years) (Ref. 50–59 years) | |||||||
| 60–69 | Beta | -0.0429*** | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | -0.0785*** | -0.02 |
| Contribution | 0.00224*** | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Contribution % | -3.62 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.50 | 0.35 | 0.86 | |
| 70–79 | Beta | -0.0730*** | 0.01 | -0.02 | -0.0640** | -0.200*** | -0.03 |
| Contribution | 0.00506*** | -0.000236** | 0.00 | 0.00518** | 0.0267*** | -0.00121*** | |
| Contribution % | -8.18 | 0.20 | -0.12 | 4.65 | 45.46 | 2.16 | |
| ≥80 | Beta | -0.121*** | -0.02 | -0.0563** | -0.0799* | -0.312*** | 0.02 |
| Contribution | 0.000799*** | 0.000174** | 0.00 | 0.000839** | 0.00796*** | 0.00 | |
| Contribution % | -1.29 | -0.15 | -0.02 | 0.75 | 13.52 | 0.17 | |
| Observations, n | 12763 | 4227 | 6535 | 1763 | 3643 | 3497 | |
Calculated using a population weight.
***
p<0.01
**
p<0.05
*
p<0.1.
Source: Calculations from WHO SAGE (2008–2010). Quintile 1 represent the poorest quintile, and quintile 5 the wealthiest.