Table 1.

The herbicide-resistant plants generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing.

Gene	Mutation Sites	Herbicide Resistance Plants	Repair Pathway	References
ALS	Ala96	rice	CBE	[49,50]
	Pro165	maize	HDR	[51]
	Pro178	soybean	HDR	[52]
	Pro165	maize	CBE	[53]
	Pro174	wheat	CBE	[54,55]
	Pro174	watermelon	CBE	[56]
	Pro197	oilseed rape	CBE	[57]
	Pro194	tobacco	CBE	[58]
	Pro197	tomato and potato	CBE	[59]
	Trp548	rice	HDR	[60]
	Gly628	rice	CBE	[61]
	Ser627	rice	ABE	[62]
	/	rice	CDE	[63]
	Pro171/Gly628	rice	CBE	[64]
	Trp574/Ser653	Arabidopsis	NHEJ	[65]
	Trp548/Ser627	rice	HDR	[66,67,68,69,70,71]
	Trp542/Ser621	maize	HDR	[72]
ACCase	Trp2038	Arabidopsis	NHEJ	[65]
	Cys2186	rice	ABE	[62,73]
	Ala1992	wheat	CBE	[54]
	/	rice	CDE	[74,75]
EPSPS	Thr102/Pro106	rice	NHEJ-HDR	[76]
	Thr102/Pro106	rapeseed	HDR	[77]
	Thr178/Pro182	flax	HDR	[78]
TubA2	Met268	rice	ABE	[79]
	Met268	rice	ABE	[62]
SF3B1	/	rice	CDE	[80,81]
LsGGP	uORF	lettuce	NHEJ	[82]

Abbreviations: NHEJ-HDR means targeting gene replacement strategy via the NHEJ pathway using CRISPR–Cas9; CBE means cytosine base editor; ABE means adenine base editor; CDE means CRISPR/Cas-mediated direction evolution.