Table 4.
Indices of lung computed tomography airway remodeling.
| Non-Persistent Airflow Limitation n = 45 |
Persistent Airflow Limitation n = 47 |
Control n = 36 |
p *-Value Non-Persistent vs. Persistent Limitation |
p *-Value Non-Persistent Limitation vs. Control |
p *-Value Persistent Limitation vs. Control |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total lung volume, L | 5.07 ± 1.05 | 5.49 ± 1.4 | 4.74 ± 1.09 | 0.3 | 0.18 | 0.07 |
| Low-attenuation lung area (threshold level of −950 Hounsfield units), % | 7.53 (2.3–18.44) | 18.26 (4.1–30.56) | 11.14 (2.3–23.28) | 0.26 | 0.85 | 0.48 |
| The right upper lobe apical segmental bronchus (RB1) | ||||||
| Lumen diameter, mm | 4.24 ± 0.95 | 4.12 ± 1.06 | 4.29 ± 0.85 | 0.07 | 0.73 | 0.07 |
| Airway diameter, mm | 8.02 ± 1.47 | 8.18 ± 1.9 | 7.98 ± 1.45 | 0.34 | 0.46 | 0.54 |
| Wall thickness, mm | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 1.9 (1.7–2.3) | 1.8 (1.7–2.1) | 0.74 | 0.69 | 0.6 |
| Wall thickness ratio (WTR) | 23.5 (21.7–25) | 24.8(22.9–26.9) | 23.6 (21.8–24.2) | 0.03 | 0.94 | 0.009 |
| Lumen area, mm2 | 12.2 (10–17.4) | 12.5 (9.5–16) | 14.5 (9.1–16.3) | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.32 |
| Wall area, mm2 | 34.9 (27.2–48.3) | 35 (27.4–45.4) | 33 (28.6–43.4) | 0.63 | 0.49 | 0.86 |
| Wall area ratio (WAR) | 72 (68.3–75.3) | 75 (71.3–78.7) | 72.2 (68.5–74) | 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.006 |
| The right lower lobe basal posterior bronchus (RB10) | ||||||
| Lumen diameter, mm | 4.3 (3.6–4.9) | 3.7 (3.3–4.5) | 4.4 (4.3–4.8) | 0.003 | 0.67 | 0.001 |
| Airway diameter, mm | 7.9 (6.8–9.3) | 7.7 (6.6–8.5) | 8 (7.4–8.5) | 0.02 | 0.63 | 0.22 |
| Wall thickness, mm | 1.8 (1.6–1.9) | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 1.7 (1.5–1.8) | 0.73 | 0.25 | 0.18 |
| Wall thickness ratio (WTR) | 23.3 (20.1–24.5) | 24.1 (22.9–26.4) | 21.9 (20–24.5) | 0.009 | 0.17 | 0.001 |
| Lumen area, mm2 | 13.9 (8.9–18.9) | 10.8 (8.7–15.8) | 14.9 (14.2–18) | 0.005 | 0.53 | 0.002 |
| Wall area, mm2 | 34.4 (27–45.8) | 33.7 (24.9–42) | 32.3 (21.4–36.3) | 0.09 | 0.31 | 0.8 |
| Wall area ratio (WAR) | 71.8 (64.1–73.9) | 73.4 (70.7–77.9) | 68.9 (63.9–73.9) | 0.008 | 0.18 | 0.0009 |
| The left apicoposterior bronchus (LB1 + 2) | ||||||
| Lumen diameter, mm | 5.09 ± 1.09 | 5.04 ± 1.15 | 5 ± 1.15 | 0.79 | 0.69 | 0.86 |
| Airway diameter, mm | 9.3 (8–10.3) | 9.8 (8.3–10.4) | 8.6 (7.4–10.7) | 0.81 | 0.52 | 0.53 |
| Wall thickness, mm | 2 (1.7–2.2) | 2.2 (1.9–2.4) | 1.8 (1.6–2.3) | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.03 |
| Wall thickness ratio (WTR) | 22.4 ± 2.7 | 23.5 ± 2.9 | 22.8 ± 3.7 | 0.17 | 0.61 | 0.67 |
| Lumen area, mm2 | 20.2 (13.4–28.3) | 22.1 (14.2–27.8) | 15.2 (13.2–26.3) | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.88 |
| Wall area, mm2 | 46.6 ± 13.7 | 50.9 ± 16.2 | 45.7 ± 15 | 0.42 | 0.77 | 0.36 |
| Wall area ratio (WAR) | 69.3 ± 6 | 71.5 ± 6.2 | 69.7 ± 8.1 | 0.18 | 0.7 | 0.62 |
| The left lower posterior basal bronchus (LB10) | ||||||
| Lumen diameter, mm | 4.3 (3.9–4.7) | 4.2 (3.5–5) | 5.1 (4–5.6) | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.0003 |
| Airway diameter, mm | 8.33 ± 1.3 | 8.1 ± 1.4 | 8.9 ± 1.7 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.003 |
| Wall thickness, mm | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) | 1.8 (1.7–2.2) | 2 (1.7–2.1) | 0.55 | 0.69 | 0.44 |
| Wall thickness ratio (WTR) | 23.2 (21.8–25) | 24.2 (21.8–26.1) | 22.4 (21.7–24.3) | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.009 |
| Lumen area, mm2 | 14.3 (11.8–17.2) | 13.8 (9.9–19.5) | 19.8 (10.4–24.8) | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.01 |
| Wall area, mm2 | 36.4 (31.1–46.6) | 36.7 (29.6–45.9) | 43.3 (28.2–52.8) | 0.24 | 0.48 | 0.13 |
| Wall area ratio (WAR) | 71.3 (68.3–75.3) | 73.6 (68.1–77.2) | 69.3 (65.3–73.7) | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.001 |
Table 4 footnote. Variables are presented as a median and interquartile range, or mean and standard deviation, as appropriate. Statistics: one-way covariance analysis (ANCOVA) adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index; *—p-value adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.