Figure 5.

(A) Estimated percentages of absorbed light (under the respective growth PFDs) allocated to PSII photochemistry (F_v′/F_m′ × q_P), dissipation (0.8 − F_v′/F_m′), and the fraction of excitation energy dissipated neither via photochemical or regulated non-photochemical routes (remainder; F_v′/F_m′ × [1 − q_P]) and (B) levels of xanthophyll cycle pool constituents violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin relative to chlorophyll (Chl) a + b in fronds of Lemna gibba plants grown under PFDs of 50 (green) or 1000 (yellow) µmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The conversion state of the xanthophyll cycle to zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin in (B) should be compared to the level of dissipation in (A). Mean values ± standard deviations; n = 3 or 4. Significant differences between growth PFDs are denoted by asterisks; ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001.