| A key to 13 accepted species of Hyphodontia | |
| 1a. Hymenophore smooth to grandinioid....................................................................................................................................... | 2 |
| b. Hymenophore odontioid or poroid.............................................................................................................................................. | 7 |
| 2a. Lagenocystidia abundant............................................................................................................................................................ | 3 |
| b. Lagenocystidia rare or absent....................................................................................................................................................... | 5 |
| 3a. Capitate septocystidia absent; basidiospores thick-walled, more than 4 μm wide......................................... | H. pachyspora |
| b. Capitate septocystidia present; basidiospores thin-walled, less than 4 μm wide................................................................... | 4 |
| 4a. Hymenophore colliculose............................................................................................................................................ | H. alutaria |
| b. Hymenophore grandinioid........................................................................................................................................ | H. zhixiangii |
| 5a. Basidiospores less than 5 μm long, less than 3 µm wide......................................................................................... | H. pallidula |
| b. Basidiospores more than 5 μm long, more than 4 µm wide...................................................................................................... | 6 |
| 6a. Lagenocystidia generally rare............................................................................................................................... | H. subdetritica |
| b. Lagenocystidia absent............................................................................................................................................. | H. subpallidula |
| 7a. Hymenophore poroid................................................................................................................................................ | H. borbonica |
| b. Hymenophore odontioid............................................................................................................................................................... | 8 |
| 8a. Hymenophore brownish orange, cinnamon-buff, tawny olive or buckthorn brown....................................... | H. ochroflava |
| b. Hymenophore whitish to yellowish, cream or orange............................................................................................................... | 9 |
| 9a. Basidiospores globose, slightly thick-walled..................................................................................................... | H. sphaerospora |
| b. Basidiospores ellipsoid, cylindrical or ovoid, thin-walled...................................................................................................... | 10 |
| 10a. Capitate cystidia absent........................................................................................................................................................... | 11 |
| b. Capitate cystidia present.............................................................................................................................................................. | 12 |
| 11a. Basidiospores ellipsoid to cylindrical, more than 4.5 µm long, less than 3 µm wide.......................................... | H. wrightii |
| b. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to ovoid, less than 4.5 µm long, more than 3 µm wide....................................... | H. wongiae |
| 12a. Basidiospores more than 3 μm wide; aculei up to 2 mm long.................................................................................. | H. arguta |
| b. Basidiospores less than 3 μm wide; aculei up to 6 mm long..................................................................................... | H. dhingrae |