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. 2021 Jun 11;12:582768. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.582768

Table 1.

The clinical manifestations, diagnostic examination and outcome of FLAMCES.

Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case5 Case6 Case7 Case8 Case9 Case10 Case11 Case12 Case13 Case14 Case15 Case16 Case17 Case18 Case19 Case20 Case21
Sex M M M M M M F M M M F F M M F F M M M M M
Age(years) 19 23 39 36 23 38 17 46 27 29 20 11 31 19 19 25 37 23 23 32 28
Fever + - - - - - - + + + + + + - + - - + - + +
Headache + + – – + + – + + – + + + + + – – + + + +
Seizure types FBTCS FAS GTCS UTCS Unclassified + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SE – – – – – – – – – – ND ND ND ND – – – – – – –
Other symptoms Hemiparesis Aphasia Hemianopsia Vision loss Memory defect Psychiatry Paraplegia ++ ++ ++ ++ - +++ ++ + ++ + - + - + + ++ ++ ++ +++ - +
Phenotypes before encephalitis/time duration (month) CE(84) – RON(7) – – – ADEM(76) – – – – – – BiON – – – – – CE(60) –
Phenotypes after encephalitis/time duration (month - - - - - - ADEM(30) RON(23) - - RON; BSS RON; LON LON; BSS ;ADEM ME - ON; ME - - - - -
Anti-MOG antibody Serum/CSF 1:32/ND 1:10/1:1 1:512/1:32 1:2048/1:4 1:256/1:16 1:1024/- 1:1024/ND ND 1:1024/ND 1:1024/ND 1:10/ND 1:10/ND 1:320/1:1 1:10/ND 1:256/1:128 ND ND ND 1:1000/ND 1:10/ND 1:10/ND
CSF WC (/mm3) Lymphocyte% 120 56 30 98 29 88 63 98 101 50 311 41 137 73 56 93 205 67 73 ND 15 ND 76 ND 142 ND 3 ND 200 72 67 80 120 71 599 34 105 69 100 ND 105 ND
CSF protein (g/L) 0.49 0.77 0.35 0.38 0.86 0.53 ND 0.36 0.84 ND ND ND ND ND 0.59 ND ND ↑ ND ND ND
CSF OB - - ND - - - + + ND - ND ND ND ND ND + - - - ND ND
EEG slow waves RH LH RH No RH ND LH No LH BF ND ND ND ND RH ND ND LH ND ND ND
MRI cortical FLAIR hyperintensity R Fr/P L Fr/T/O/I R Fr/P R Fr/P R P L Fr/P/T/O/I L Fr/P/T Bi P L Fr/P/T/O/I;R:Fr Bi Fr/P R Fr/P/T/I R T R P/T/O R:P L:T R Fr/P/T L T R Fr/P/T L Fr/P R T L Fr/T/P L T/I
MRI meningeal enhancement – + ND ND ND ND ND + ND + ND ND ND ND + – – + + – +
MRI other abnormality - spinal cord - - - - - cingulate gyri - - - - - - spinal cord - - - - pontine optic nerve
Immunotherapy drugs and duration (month) MP MP MP(18) MP(24) DEX MP MP MP MP MP MP ;TAM MP ;AZA MP ;MMF MP ;AZA MP MP ;RTM MP MP MP MP MP
Anti-epileptic drugs LVT LVT CBZ, LTG CBZ CBZ CBZ ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND LVT ND ND LVT LVT ND ND
Recovery after treatment + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Seizures free after treatment + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Follow-up duration (month) 18 9 30 40 23 72 30 65 ND ND ND ND ND ND 5 ND ND 6 ND 8 ND
Relapse times during follow 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 3 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; M, male; F, female; N, no; Y, yes; ME, myelitis; ADEML, acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis like; CE, cerebral cortical encephalitis; R, right; L, left; Bi, bilateral; ON, optic neuritis; BSS, brainstem syndromes; MD, memory decline; FBTCS, focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure; FAS, focal aware motor onset seizure; GTCS, generalized tonic-clonic seizure; UTCS, unknown onset tonic-clonic seizure; SE, status epilepticus; RH, right hemisphere; LH, left hemisphere; BF, bilateral frontal lobes; Hp, hemiparesis; Ho, hemianopsia; ND, no data available/reported; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; WC, white cell; Fr, frontal lobe; P, parietal lobe; T, temporal lobe; O, occipital lobe; I, insular lobe; DEX, dexamethasone; MP, methylprednisolone; RTM, rituximab; CBZ, carbamazepine; LTG, lamotrigine; LVT, levetiracetam; TAM, tacrolimus; AZA, azathioprine; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; SW, slow waves; OB, oligoclonal band; FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; EEG, electroencephalography.

Case 3-6 from Ogawa (reference 5); Case 7 from Fukushima (reference 7); Case 8 from Fujimori (reference 8); Case 9 from Adachi (reference 9); Case 10 from Ikeda (reference 10); Case 11-14 from Wang (reference 11); Case 15 from Sugimoto (reference 12); Case 16-17 from Cobo-Calvo (reference 3); Case 18 from Budhram (reference 6); Case 19 from Haddad (reference 13); Case 20-21 from Tao (reference 14).