Table 2.
Characteristics of dietary intake of overweight/obese and lean subjects included in the cross-sectional study.
| Energy, Macro- and Micronutrients | Overweight and Obese Group (n = 96) | Lean Group (n = 32) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy, kcal/day | 2055.9 ± 604.3 | 2095.9 ± 502.8 | 0.184 |
| CHO, % energy | 36.0 ± 6.3 | 39.9 ± 6.8 | 0.013 |
| CHO, grams | 181.2 ± 60.9 | 206.0 ± 53.1 | 0.005 |
| Simple CHO, % energy | 15.5 ± 4.8 | 17.5 ± 4.1 | 0.043 |
| Simple CHO, grams | 78.3 ± 35.8 | 92.1 ± 35.9 | 0.014 |
| Complex CHO, % energy | 20.6 ± 5.7 | 22.3 ± 5.1 | 0.301 |
| Complex CHO, grams | 103.8 ± 41.9 | 113.8 ± 24.8 | 0.017 |
| Protein, % energy | 18.1 ± 4.3 | 17.6 ± 3.3 | 0.702 |
| Protein, grams | 90.07 ± 24.9 | 90.3 ± 22.9 | 0.369 |
| Total fat, % energy | 41.6 ± 5.6 | 40.0 ± 7.0 | 0.472 |
| Total fat, grams | 97.4 ± 34.5 | 95.0 ± 33.1 | 0.429 |
| SFA, % energy | 12.4 ± 2.8 | 11.0 ± 2.7 | 0.083 |
| SFA, grams | 29.6 ± 13.1 | 26.5 ± 10.8 | 0.515 |
| MUFA, % energy | 19.0 ± 3.2 | 19.0 ± 4.5 | 0.506 |
| MUFA, grams | 44.0 ± 15.0 | 45.3 ± 17.7 | 0.162 |
| PUFA, % energy | 6.6 ± 2.0 | 6.6 ± 1.8 | 0.710 |
| PUFA, grams | 15.6 ± 7.4 | 15.6 ± 6.0 | 0.247 |
| Fibre, g/day | 18.8 ± 6.8 | 23.7 ± 9.1 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol, g/day | 12.9 ± 18.8 | 7.4 ± 9.2 | 0.327 |
| Dietary cholesterol, mg/day | 391.8 ± 188.5 | 341.1 ± 164.4 | 0.259 |
| Sodium, mg/day | 2580.8 ± 928.6 | 2353.2 ± 728.1 | 0.485 |
| Potassium, mg/day | 3042.4 ± 868.5 | 3448.3 ± 826.2 | 0.002 |
| Calcium, mg/day | 752.9 ± 354.2 | 789.3 ± 339.9 | 0.549 |
| Magnesium, mg/day | 309.5 ± 106.9 | 345.2 ± 74.0 | 0.001 |
CHO, carbohydrates; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. Data expressed as Mean ± standard deviation. Differences in categorical variables were examined using chi-squared analysis and presented as percentage (%). Differences in continuous variables were examined using T-Student for parametric variables and using U the Mann-Whitney for non-parametric variables. Statistical significance was set at p Value < 0.05.