Table 2.
Salivary cytokines associated with gingival bleeding.
| Biomarkers | Gingival Bleeding Status |
Mean (pg/mL) | SD | p-Value * | p-Value ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1α | High | 729.22 | 497.16 | 0.170 | 0.333 |
| Low | 438.89 | 254.64 | |||
| IL-1β | High | 265.31 | 199.52 | 0.025 | 0.049 |
| Low | 81.80 | 46.60 | |||
| IL-8 | High | 444.94 | 273.73 | 0.442 | 0.752 |
| Low | 349.88 | 187.71 | |||
| TNF-α | High | 13.46 | 3.80 | 0.028 | 0.374 |
| Low | 15.40 | 6.76 | |||
| IL-4 | High | 3.46 | 1.17 | 0.683 | 0.826 |
| Low | 3.19 | 1.31 | |||
| CCL2/MCP-1 | High | 268.60 | 152.37 | 0.992 | 0.593 |
| Low | 269.35 | 136.38 | |||
| CCL3/MIP-1α | High | 25.50 | 9.92 | 0.556 | 0.957 |
| Low | 29.12 | 12.83 |
* independent t-test. ** ANCOVA, adjusted for age.