Table 10.
Unadjusted mean within-patient change in outcomes by group.
| Outcome | Digital medicine, mean (SE) | Usual care, mean (SE) | Difference (95% CI) | P value |
| Fasting glucose | –17.7 (2.7) | 1.3 (2.5) | –19.0 (–26.2 to –11.7) | <.001 |
| HbA1ca | –0.40 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.05) | –0.44 (–0.58 to –0.30) | <.001 |
| Total cholesterol | –5.9 (1.2) | –3.7 (1.6) | –2.2 (–6.1 to 1.7) | .27 |
| HDLb cholesterol | 1.6 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.4 to 2.1) | .003 |
| LDLc cholesterol | –5.1 (2.2) | 2.7 (2.8) | –7.8 (–14.8 to –0.8) | .03 |
| Triglycerides | –6.5 (3.2) | 4.9 (6.6) | –11.4 (–25.8 to 3.0) | .12 |
| BMI | –0.25 (0.06) | –0.30 (0.08) | 0.05 (–0.14 to 0.24) | .62 |
| Systolic BPd | –0.38 (0.38) | 0.52 (0.41) | –0.90 (–2.00 to 0.20) | .11 |
| Diastolic BP | –0.87 (0.22) | –0.09 (0.23) | –0.77 (–1.39 to –0.15) | .01 |
aHbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.
bHDL: high-density lipoprotein.
cLDL: low-density lipoprotein.
dBP: blood pressure.