Table 3.
Association between potential predictive factors and intensive care unit admission for COVID-19 in the general population cohort.
| Intensive Care Unit Admissions | Sex- and Age-Adjusted Analysis | Fully Adjusted Analysis * | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Cases per 100,000 | RR | 95% CI | p Value | RR | 95% CI | p Value | |
| Total | 246 | 38 | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 92 | 28 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Male | 154 | 48 | 1.79 | 1.38–2.31 | <0.001 | 2.02 | 1.53–2.66 | <0.001 |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 0–14 | 1 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.11 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0–0.14 | <0.001 |
| 15–29 | 2 | 2 | 0.03 | 0.01–0.13 | <0.001 | 0.03 | 0.01–0.11 | <0.001 |
| 30–49 | 30 | 16 | 0.26 | 0.17–0.40 | <0.001 | 0.23 | 0.15–0.37 | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 59 | 63 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 60–69 | 72 | 101 | 1.62 | 1.15–2.29 | 0.006 | 1.73 | 1.21–2.46 | 0.003 |
| 70–79 | 68 | 127 | 2.07 | 1.46–2.93 | <0.001 | 2.21 | 1.49–3.29 | <0.001 |
| 80+ | 14 | 37 | 0.64 | 0.36–1.15 | 0.139 | 0.72 | 0.37–1.38 | 0.320 |
| Nursing home resident | 4 | 81 | 1.47 | 0.54–4.01 | 0.455 | 2.07 | 0.75–5.74 | 0.161 |
| Healthcare worker | 4 | 36 | 1.10 | 0.41–2.99 | 0.850 | 1.55 | 0.56–4.23 | 0.397 |
| Place of birth | ||||||||
| Spain | 175 | 32 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Europe | 7 | 27 | 1.31 | 0.61–2.80 | 0.491 | 1.24 | 0.57–2.67 | 0.588 |
| Latin America | 55 | 107 | 6.73 | 4.88–9.30 | <0.001 | 6.15 | 4.34–8.72 | <0.001 |
| North Africa | 7 | 44 | 2.84 | 1.32–6.10 | 0.008 | 2.88 | 1.30–6.36 | 0.009 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 2 | 28 | 1.67 | 0.41–6.80 | 0.472 | 1.38 | 0.34–5.70 | 0.654 |
| Other | 0 | 0 | NE | NE | ||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| >50,000 inhabitants | 84 | 41 | 1.55 | 1.11–2.17 | 0.010 | 1.39 | 0.99–1.95 | 0.061 |
| 5000–50,000 inhabitants | 104 | 47 | 1.97 | 1.43–2.71 | <0.001 | 1.80 | 1.30–2.50 | <0.001 |
| <5000 inhabitants | 58 | 27 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Income level | ||||||||
| Very low | 17 | 61 | 2.79 | 1.66–4.70 | <0.001 | 1.49 | 0.85–2.61 | 0.162 |
| Low | 131 | 37 | 1.21 | 0.93–1.59 | 0.158 | 0.96 | 0.72–1.27 | 0.755 |
| Middle | 96 | 37 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| High | 2 | 44 | 1.08 | 0.27–4.38 | 0.917 | 1.15 | 0.28–4.67 | 0.846 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 30 | 37 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Current smoker | 67 | 63 | 0.50 | 0.32–0.77 | 0.002 | 0.57 | 0.36–0.89 | 0.014 |
| Former smoker | 27 | 112 | 0.97 | 0.62–1.53 | 0.895 | 1.01 | 0.64–1.60 | 0.961 |
| Unknown | 122 | 28 | 0.72 | 0.52–0.98 | 0.037 | 0.77 | 0.56–1.05 | 0.099 |
| Hospitalization in prior year | 16 | 48 | 0.89 | 0.54–1.49 | 0.662 | 0.84 | 0.50–1.41 | 0.516 |
| Immunodeficiency | 5 | 103 | 1.93 | 0.80–4.69 | 0.145 | 1.66 | 0.68–4.06 | 0.267 |
| Diabetes | 46 | 121 | 1.56 | 1.11–2.17 | 0.009 | 1.21 | 0.86–1.72 | 0.276 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 33 | 63 | 1.00 | 0.69–1.47 | 0.988 | 0.90 | 0.61–1.33 | 0.595 |
| COPD | 22 | 80 | 1.14 | 0.73–1.78 | 0.559 | 1.22 | 0.78–1.92 | 0.386 |
| Asthma | 23 | 55 | 1.94 | 1.26–2.99 | 0.003 | 1.84 | 1.19–2.83 | 0.006 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 22 | 114 | 1.70 | 1.07–2.68 | 0.025 | 1.49 | 0.94–2.39 | 0.093 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7 | 73 | 0.89 | 0.42–1.91 | 0.774 | 0.85 | 0.40–1.83 | 0.679 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 16 | 133 | 1.72 | 1.03–2.86 | 0.037 | 1.43 | 0.85–2.39 | 0.173 |
| Dementia | 0 | 0 | NE | NE | ||||
| Hematological malignancy | 1 | 37 | 0.52 | 0.07–3.72 | 0.516 | 0.55 | 0.08–3.91 | 0.548 |
| Non-hematological cancer | 29 | 75 | 0.87 | 0.59–1.30 | 0.506 | 0.92 | 0.61–1.37 | 0.673 |
| Severe obesity | 16 | 191 | 3.69 | 2.22–6.13 | <0.001 | 3.05 | 1.81–5.14 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 100 | 103 | 1.53 | 1.15–2.03 | 0.003 | 1.36 | 1.01–1.83 | 0.041 |
| Functional dependence | 1 | 22 | 0.42 | 0.06–3.05 | 0.392 | 0.52 | 0.07–3.81 | 0.520 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; NE, no events; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; *Adjusted for all the variables in the table.