Figure 3.

Modulation of an innate immune proinflammation response by coronavirus accessory proteins. Schematic diagram showing the activation and modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the MAPK signaling pathway by accessory proteins. Accessory proteins modulating the pathway are shown in red. Abbreviations: NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; TRAF3, TNF receptor-associated factor 3; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain; NEMO, NF-κB essential modulator; IKKα, inhibitor of κB kinase α; IKKβ, inhibitor of κB kinase β; KAPN-α4, karyopherin-α4; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinases; MKK, MAP kinase kinases; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; c-Fos, cellular FBJ murine osteosarcoma; ATF2, activating transcription factor 2; P, phosphate.