Figure 5.

Only agents that target amyloid oligomers show efficacy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) trials. Among dozens of failures, only four anti-amyloid agents showed positive clinical results in late-stage clinical trials. All four of these agents either selectively inhibit formation of amyloid oligomers or remove oligomers from the brain: the oral tablet ALZ-801 and the intravenously (IV) infused anti-amyloid antibodies aducanumab, donanemab, and lecanemab. Agents that remove or inhibit formation of beta amyloid (Aβ) monomers or clear amyloid plaques failed to show efficacy in AD trials [16,17].