Table 1.
A comparison of baseline characteristics according to vitamin D level.
| Vitamin D Sufficiency (≥20 ng/mL) (n = 588) |
Vitamin D Deficiency (<20 ng/mL) (n = 614) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.0 ± 10.3 | 55.5 ± 10.8 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 355 (60.4) | 374 (60.9) | 0.849 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 94 (16.0) | 136 (22.1) | 0.007 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 3.3 | 24.7 ± 3.6 | 0.707 |
| BMI ≥ 25 (kg/m2) | 207 (35.2) | 262 (42.7) | 0.008 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 87.7 ± 9.2 | 88.9 ± 9.9 | 0.036 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 122.1 ± 16.3 | 122.1 ± 16.5 | 0.972 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80.4 ± 10.7 | 81.3 ± 10.9 | 0.149 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 110 (18.7) | 102 (16.6) | 0.341 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 183 (31.1) | 169 (27.5) | 0.171 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 190 (32.3) | 145 (23.5) | 0.002 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188.5 ± 40.1 | 194.5 ± 40.9 | 0.010 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) + | 97 (68–137) | 97 (70–149) | 0.041 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.8 ± 15.1 | 53.9 ± 15.0 | 0.031 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 104.8 ± 22.1 | 105.9 ± 24.4 | 0.412 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.85 ± 0.2 | 0.84 ± 0.2 | 0.786 |
| HS-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.13 ± 0.3 | 0.15 ± 0.4 | 0.297 |
| Transient elastography | |||
| Controlled attenuation parameter, dB/m + | 246 (215–285) | 258 (217–300) | 0.005 |
| CAP ≥ 248 | 287 (48.8) | 343 (55.9) | 0.014 |
| CAP ≥ 302 | 99 (16.8) | 144 (23.5) | 0.004 |
| Liver stiffness measurement, kPa + | 3.6 (3.1–4.4) | 4.2 (3.5–4.8) | 0.851 |
| Tertile 1 (<3.4) | 195 (33.2) | 194 (31.6) | 0.359 |
| Tertile 2 (3.4–4.2) | 208 (35.4) | 203 (33.1) | |
| Tertile 3 (≥4.3) | 185 (31.5) | 217 (35.3) | |
Data are shown as the mean ± SD. + median (interquartile range). BMI, body mass index; CAP, controlled attenuation parameter; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HS-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein.