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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Designed pattern (a), printed pattern (b), infrared thermal imaging (c), film bending photograph (d), and the sheet resistance of the film in different bending cycles of outward bending (e).