. 2021 Jun 14;57(6):621. doi: 10.3390/medicina57060621

Table 1.

Effects of TGF-β in Τ-cell physiology and development.

TGF-β
Stimulates naive CD4+ T-cells transformation to effector T-cells Suppresses the proliferation and differentiation of effector T-cells via inhibition of Th2-produced IL-2 Alters the type of produced cytokines and mediates phenotypic metamorphosis among effector T-cells Enhances TNF production by both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells Enhances the proliferation of CD8+ cells (in experimental mouse models) Stimulates transformation of nTregs to iTregs via increased Foxp3 expression Promotes Treg-induced inhibition of the exocytosis of granules Inhibits the generation and activation of CTLs Suppresses the cytotoxicity of the CTLs via the transcriptional regression of genes encoding proteins, which are vital for CTLs function

TGF-β

Stimulates naive CD4+ T-cells transformation to effector T-cells
Suppresses the proliferation and differentiation of effector T-cells via inhibition of Th2-produced IL-2
Alters the type of produced cytokines and mediates phenotypic metamorphosis among effector T-cells
Enhances TNF production by both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells
Enhances the proliferation of CD8+ cells (in experimental mouse models)
Stimulates transformation of nTregs to iTregs via increased Foxp3 expression
Promotes Treg-induced inhibition of the exocytosis of granules
Inhibits the generation and activation of CTLs
Suppresses the cytotoxicity of the CTLs via the transcriptional regression of genes encoding proteins, which are vital for CTLs function