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. 2021 Jun 14;57(6):621. doi: 10.3390/medicina57060621

Table 2.

Effects of TGF-β in B-cell physiology and development.

TGF-β

  • Is secreted by B-cells (which express its receptors)

  • Inhibits B-cell activation and antibodies production

  • Promotes class switching of IgA in both human and mouse B-cells

  • Inhibits immunoglobulin synthesis and class switching to the majority of IgG isotypes

  • Induces apoptosis of immature or resting B-cells by an unknown yet mechanism, which may overlap with its anti-proliferation pathway.